AP Lang 1st Day Quiz

Tone

• The author’s attitude to the text
  

• Easier to find in spoken than written
  

• Appeals to pathos
  

• Preceded by an adjective

Diction

• Authors word choice

—> creates tone

(formal, informal, ornate, or plain, AND RELATED TO authors purpose)

• Preceded by an adjective

Imagery

• Highly descriptive language that appeals to the 5 senses

• Creates tone

Simile

Comparing with “like” or “as”

Metaphor

• Comparison WITHOUT “like” or “as”

Analogy

• Show how similar two things are to prove a point

• Explains a point

Juxtaposition

• Putting two contrasting ideas together to emphasize contrast

Amplifications

• Intensifying an idea

—→ Emphasis

Hyperbole

• An exaggeration

Enumeration

• Breaking down a subject into parts and listing the details

Irony

• Using language to express a NONLITERAL MEANING

• Think Sarcasm

• Creates a contrast in appearances (usually humorous/emphatic)

Repetition

• Repeating something

Alliteration

• Repeating the first sound of words/syllables

Parallel Structure

• Using a similar structure to link related phrases/words/clauses

Anaphora

• Repeating words at the start of sentences

• Form of parallel structure

Hypophora

• When the author asks questions and answers them themselves

• Figure of reasoning

Rhetorical Question

• Question with obvious answer (usually yes or no) not meant to be answered

• Used for effect/drawing conclusions

Allusion

• Reference to something commonly known

Anecdote

• A short, interesting story about something real

• Evidence to author’s claim

Hypothetical Example

• A “what if” that can be used as evidence to the author’s claim

Personification

• Granting human features to something that is not a human

Ethos

• Using credibility to convince

Pathos

• Using emotions to convince

Logos

• Using reasoning to convince