TeXes: Music History

Medieval: Dates

500-1400

Medieval: Gregorian Chants

Catholic choral music

Originated from organum

Written via neumes

Medieval: Gregorian Chant Characteristics

Monophonic

Melismatic

Lack of meter

Organum

Gave birth to polyphony

The ancestor of Gregorian chant

Medieval: Masses

Catholic

Set to liturgy of the Ordinary

Ordinary

Kyrie

Glorie

Credo

Sanctus

Benedictus

Agnus Dei

Guillame de Machaut

Medieval

Masse de Notre Dame

The 1st mass

Hildegard of Bingen

Medieval:

Sacred, female composer

German

Medieval: Troubadours

S France

Secular musicians

Medieval: Trouveres

N France

Secular musicians

Medieval: Minnesingers

German

Secular musicians inspired by Troubadours & Trouveres

Medieval: Motets

Sacred choral music

Came from organum

Lead to counterpoint

Medieval: Motet Characteristics

Polyphonic

Latin

Repeated isorhythmic patterns

Cantus firmus + clausulae/discant

Renaissance: Motets

Sacred choral music

Changed by Guillaume DuFay

Renaissance: Motet Characteristics

Polyphonic

Latin

Non-isorhythmic patterns

Imitative counterpoint

Renaissance: Dates

1400-1600

1492: discovery of the New World

1517: Protestant Reformation

1543: Scientific Revolution

Renaissance: History

Sacred → secular (Greek philosophers, scientific reasoning, humanism)

Printing press/moveable type

Renaissance: Madrigals

Secular

Originated in Italy

Transformed by Guillaume DuFay

Renaissance: Madrigal Characteristics

Polyphonic

Vernacular language

Renaissance: Chansons & Tenorlied

French & German “Madrigals”

Polyphonic

Renaissance: Composers

Dunstable, DuFay, Dowland, Morley, Palestrina

Monteverdi

Renaissance - madrigals

Baroque - opera, seconda prattica, basso continuo

Italian

Father of opera

Baroque: Dates

1600-1750

Baroque: History

Continuation of Greek & Roman focus

Ornate & detailed architecture

Baroque: Instrumental Music

Suite

Sonata

Concerto!!! (& Concerto Grosso)

Toccata

Fantasia

Variations

Fugue!!!

Concertato

Contrast in sound

Ex: solo v. large group; voice v. instrument

Concerto Grosso

2+ soloists + orchestra

Suite dances

Allemande

Courante

Gavottes

Sarabande

Gigue

Suite - Allemande

German

Duple

Suite - Courante

French

Triple

Suite - Gavottes

French

Duple

Suite - Sarabande

Spanish

Triple

Suite - Gigue

Irish

6/8

Baroque: Toccata

Virtuosic

Baroque: Fantasia

Improvisation

Baroque: Variations

Chaconne

Passacaglia

Ritornello

Baroque: Fugues

Baroque: Fugue Characteristics