Plant reproduction

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Variation in offspring

Selective breeding

Survival advantage

A product of variation, if environment changes an organism is likely to have a characteristic that allows survival- not all die

Selective breeding

Organisms with desirable characteristics are bred, speeds up natural selection

Advantages of asexual reproduction

Only one parent is needed

Faster and uses less energy

5 main adapted structures in plants

Petals

Nectar

Pollen

Anthers

Stigma

Wind-pollinated pollen grain adaptations

Smooth and light so they can be easily carried by the wind to reach flowers

Wind-pollinated anther and stigma adaptations

Anther- outside flower, loose and long filaments to release pollen easily

Stigma- outside flower to catch pollen in wind

6 steps of seed and fruit formation

1. male gametes (pollen) land on stigma- **pollination**
2. pollen tube grows out of pollen grain down the style into ovary
3. male nucleus travels down tube to meet female egg- **fertilisation forming a zygote**
4. Zygote undergoes mitosis to form a seed
5. Ovule becomes seed and ovule wall becomes seed coat
6. Ovary becomes fruit

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Germination

The process in which a seed begins to develop into a new young plant

Asexual reproduction natural example

Strawberry plants

Asexual reproduction artificial use

Cuttings- tissue papers scraped from parent plant and placed in agar growth medium, sample develop into plants and then are transferred to continue growing