Coping
Using cognitive and behavioural strategies to manage the demands of a stressful situation
Patient's Reactions
Shock, depression, anxiety, and loss of self
Coping Styles
Avoidance, problem-focused, emotion-focused, appraisal-focused, acceptance, religious
Long-Term Adaptation
Need to make changes to adjust to maximise functioning
Better Adaptation
Occurs when an individual has more psychological resources such as coping strategies, self-esteem, and social support
Social Support
Providing assistance or comfort to others to help them cope with something
Types of Social Support
Interpersonal relationships, tangible help, material help, or emotional support
Good Adjustment
Training in coping strategies, social support, psychotherapy, work with illness representations, and self-management programmes
Self-Management Programmes (Lorig et al. 1985)
Led by someone with the illness to increase self-efficacy regarding long-term coping
Quality of Life (QoL)
How an individual sees their life in context with their culture and value systems
Uses of Health-Related QoL
Shows outcomes of treatment, demonstrates more effective ones, which are best for limited resources, and what effect they have on general QoL
Measuring HR QoL
Generic measures, disease-specific, and individualised
Generic Measures of HR QoL
Functional Limitations Profile, SF-36, and WHO QoL subscale
WHO QoL Subscale
A method of comparing an individual's QoL to the WHO's definition
Effects on QoL
Pain, limitation in valued activities, disturbance in personal life goals, depression, and anxiety
Self-Concept
Life roles, capabilities, appearance, energy level, and cognitive function
Terminal Illness
New decisions to make such as surrounding continuing invasive treatment, adjusting to new self-concept, and dealing with personal feelings
Kubler-Ross' (1969) Dying Stages
Denial, anger/resentment/envy, bargaining, depression, and acceptance and decathexis
Decathexis
Letting go or disconnecting from things in present life
Dying Stages Evaluation
Drew attention, introduction, and gives an idea of what they might experience
Post-Traumatic Growth
A positive change that has occurred after dealing with a challenging struggle
P-TG Dimensions
Reveals abilities, strengthens relationships, and changes philosophies and priorities