IB SL Physics Unit 7. Atomic, Nuclear, and Particle Physics

up down charm strange top bottom

up down charm strange top bottom

what are the six quarks

quark

subatomic particle which makes up protons and neutrons, among others

electron muon tauon electron neutrino muon neutrino tauon neutrino

what are the six leptons

lepton

category of subatomic particle which includes electron

photon fluon graviton W+ W- Z0

what are the six force exchange particles

bayon

something made of THREE quarks

hadron

something made of quarks

down down up

quark composition of a neutron

up up down

quark composition of a proton

meson

something with one quark and one antiquark

fermion

made of quarks and leptons, non-integer spin

boson

make of force exchange particles and quarks, integer spin

antiparticles charge spin

all particles have associated _________ which possess the opposite ________ and ________

charge baryon lepton strangeness

the ______, ________ number, ________ number, and _____________ must be conserved

mass defect

The difference between the mass of an atom and its constituent parts’ mass

binding energy

the amount of work required to separate the nucleons inside the nucleus

radioactivity

happens within unstable nuclei (are too big or the neutron/proton ratio is too large/small)

spontaneous random

radioactivity is both _______ and _________

can’t

it [can/can’t] be predicted when a specific nucleus will decay

half--life

time it takes for half of a substance to decay

isotope

the same element with varying neutrons

alpha beta- beta-+ gamma

the four types of radioactivity

alpha

this type of decay occurs with large nuclei >82 protons

alpha particle element

for alpha decay, release an _______ __________ and change the _________

beta- decay

occurs when the neutron/proton ratio is too high

same proton antineutrino

for beta- decay, the mass number stays the _______, the ________ number increases, and add an _______________

electron

subatomic particle associated with beta- decay

same neutron electron neutrino

for beta+ decay, the mass number stays the _______, the ________ number increases, and add an _______________

beta +

occurs when neutron/proton ratio is too low

positron

subatomic particle associated with beta+ decay

gamma

occurs in conjunction with other types when excess energy exists

geiger/marsden/rutherford

conducted the gold foil experiment

alpha positively nucleus

gold foil experiment - hit gold foil with _______ particles to see if any would bounce back, discovered the small _________-charged ________

bohr

who discovered the electron energy levels

forward backward

for feynman diagrams, matter has arrows [forward/backward] in time, antimatter has arrows [forward/backward] in time