Major Empires to Knowt for AP World (copy)

What years did the Delhi Sultanate rule in northern India?

1206 to 1526.

What significant event marked the beginning of the Delhi Sultanate?

The Ghurid conquest.

Name the five major dynasties of the Delhi Sultanate.

Mamluk, Khalji, Tughlaq, Sayyid, and Lodi Dynasties.

What cultural synthesis did the Delhi Sultanate facilitate?

Indo-Islamic culture.

What is an example of architecture from the Delhi Sultanate period?

Qutub Minar.

What administrative changes did the Delhi Sultanate introduce?

Structured taxation system, land revenue policies, and centralized administration.

Which groups did the Delhi Sultanate often engage in military campaigns against?

Rajput kingdoms and Mongol invasions.

What period did the Rajputs establish their prominence?

600 to 1100.

What are the key characteristics of the Rajput warrior class?

Chivalry, martial prowess, and a strict code of honor.

Name two notable Rajput leaders mentioned in the notes.

Maharana Pratap and Prithviraj Chauhan.

How did Rajput rulers contribute to culture?

They were patrons of art, architecture, and literature.

Which dynasty established the Vijayanagara Empire?

Sangama Dynasty.

What year was the Vijayanagara Empire established?

1336.

What was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire?

Hampi.

What key economic activities characterized the Vijayanagara Empire?

Trade in spices, textiles, and precious stones.

What helped the Vijayanagara Empire maintain its military dominance?

Use of cavalry, elephants, and fortifications.

What classical dance form flourished under the Vijayanagara Empire?

Bharatanatyam.

What empire is known for constructing Angkor Wat?

The Khmer Empire.

What was the capital city of the Khmer Empire?

Angkor.

Describe the significance of the Khmer Empire's engineering.

Extensive reservoirs and canals for irrigation and water management.

What two religions were blended in the Khmer Empire's cultural practices?

Hinduism and Buddhism.

What factors contributed to the decline of the Khmer Empire?

Internal strife, overextension, and pressure from neighboring states.

Where did the Aztecs establish their capital?

Tenochtitlan.

What agricultural technique did the Aztecs use?

Chinampas (floating gardens).

Identify one major god in Aztec religion.

Huitzilopochtli.

What was a significant aspect of Aztec education?

Separate schools for different social classes.

Who led the Spanish conquest that resulted in the fall of the Aztec Empire?

Hernán Cortés.

What was the geographic span of the Inca Empire?

Modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina.

What was the political and cultural center of the Inca Empire?

Cusco.

What agricultural method did the Incas develop?

Terrace farming.

What was the system used by the Incas to record information?

Quipu.

When did the Majapahit Empire exist?

c. 1293 - 1527.

What major trade contribution did the Majapahit Empire make?

Control over crucial trade routes.

Who was the influential prime minister of the Majapahit Empire?

Gajah Mada.

Which empire was founded by Genghis Khan?

The Mongol Empire.

Where did the Mongol Empire stretch from and to?

East Asia to Eastern Europe.

What was the period of peace and stability under the Mongol Empire called?

Pax Mongolica.

What were the elite soldiers of the Ottoman Empire known as?

Janissaries.

What significant city did the Ottomans capture in 1453?

Constantinople.

What was the Ottoman Empire's policy of social organization called?

Millet system.

Who founded the Safavid Empire?

Shah Ismail I.

What was the state religion established by the Safavid Empire?

Twelver Shia Islam.

What became the cultural capital of the Safavid Empire under Shah Abbas I?

Isfahan.

When was the Mughal Empire founded?

1526.

What was the significant battle that led to the Mughal Empire's establishment?

Battle of Panipat.

Which Mughal emperor is known for his policy of religious tolerance?

Akbar the Great.

Which iconic monument was built by Shah Jahan?

Taj Mahal.

What was the main reason for the decline of the Mughal Empire after Aurangzeb?

Internal rebellion and administrative challenges.

When did the Qing Dynasty rule China?

1644 - 1912.

Who were the rulers that expanded Chinese territory during the Qing Dynasty?

Kangxi and Qianlong emperors.

What system restricted foreign trade during the Qing Dynasty?

Canton System.

What significant rebellions challenged the Qing Dynasty?

Taiping Rebellion.

What period marked the rise of maritime empires?

During the age of exploration.

Name two major European maritime empires.

Portugal and Spain.

What innovations helped European nations in their maritime explorations?

Caravel, astrolabe, and lateen sails.

What were some consequences of maritime expansion for indigenous populations?

Significant cultural, economic, and demographic impacts including forced labor systems.

What conflict arose from competition among maritime powers?

Anglo-Spanish War.

What general period does the Maritime Empire era represent?

Early modern period of global exploration and colonization.