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What is a wrinkle?
furrow/sulcus, crevice in the skin borderinf adjacent elevations
What is a groove?
elongated depression on a relatively lvl plane or surface
What is a fold?
elongated prominence adjoining a surface
What are facial markings?
“characteristic” lines, wrinkles, grooves, cords, and dimples of the face and neck
What are natural facial markings?
markings which are present at birth, meaning they are hereditary (9 in total)
What are acquired facial markings?
markings that most often develop throughout life as a result of the repetitious use of certain muscles (11 in total)
What is the philtrum?
Natural: vertical groove located medially on the upper (integumentary) lip
What is the nasolabial fold?
Natural: projection of cheek adjacent to corners, extends from superior part of posterior margins of the wing of nose and the side of mouth
What is the nasal sulcus?
Natural: indentation where the cheek starts, lateral to the wings
What is the oblique palpebral sulcus?
Natural: groove inferior from medial eye area, moving laterally downward
What is the angulus oris eminence?
Natural: prominence at the lateral end of the lips, found outside and slightly above corner of mouth
What is the angulus oris sulcus?
Natural: groove at each end of mouth; found immediately below corner of mouth at line of closure
What is the labiomental sulcus?
Natural: junction of lower “fleshy” lip and superior chin area; transverse furrow
What is the submental sulcus?
Natural: junction of inferior chin and submandibular area; elongated transvere furrow found under base of chin
What are dimples?
Natural: depression of lateral cheek of chin; round or enlongated
How does age affect facial markings?
increase due to loss of muscle mass, loose elasticity and stretches
How does environment affect facial markings?
exposure to sun (darken skin, more lines/wrinkles, firmer); smoking; chemical exposure
How does changes in weight affect facial markings?
can strain skin, lessen markings, sagging, etc.
What is the Nasolabial Sulcus?
Acquired: origin is superior of wing of nose extending to side of mouth
What is the transverse frontal Sulci?
Acquired: furrows crossing forehead, due to occipitofrontalis
What is the interciliary Sulci?
Acquired: vertical and/or transverse furrows btwn eyebrows
What is the optic facial sulci?
Acquired: “crows feet” wrinkles, furrows at the corner of the eye
What are superior & inferior palpebral sulci?
Acquired: furrows of superior and inferior borders of the eyelid
What are the bucco-facial sulcus?
Acquired: vertical furrow of the cheek
What are the mandibular sulcus?
Acquired: furrow beneath jawline, rising vertically on the cheek
What is the labial sulci?
Acquired: vertical furrows of the lips, extends from red lip to fleshy lip
What is the platysmal sulci?
Acquired: transverse dipping furrow of the neck
What are the cords of the neck?
Acquired: vertical prominence of the neck