Unit 3 Exam Review - Coulombic Attraction, Periodic Trends & Bonding

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions from the Unit 3 Exam Review related to Coulombic Attraction, periodic trends, and bonding.

Coulombic Attraction

The attraction between oppositely charged particles.

Ionic Bond

A bond formed when one atom steals electrons from another, typically between metals and nonmetals.

Covalent Bond

A bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two nonmetals.

Electronegativity Difference (END)

A measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons.

Octet Rule

The principle that atoms tend to bond in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shell.

Lewis Dot Structure

A diagram that shows the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist.

Periodic Trend

Patterns in the properties of elements that appear in a predictable way on the periodic table, including atomic radius, electronegativity, and ionization energy.

Valence Electrons

Electrons residing in the outermost shell of an atom that participate in chemical bonding.

Noble Gases

Elements in Group 18 of the periodic table that have full outer electron shells, making them generally unreactive.

Suboctet

An exception to the octet rule where an atom possesses fewer than eight electrons in its valence shell.

Expanded Octet

An exception to the octet rule where an atom possesses more than eight electrons in its valence shell.

Polarity of Bonds

A property of bonds that describes the distribution of electrical charge around atoms involved in a bond.

Bond Strength Order

Single bond < Double bond < Triple bond, indicating that more shared electrons result in stronger bonds.

Amphoteric Line

The dividing line on the periodic table that separates metals from nonmetals.

Metalloids

Elements that have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals, often located on the amphoteric line.

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.

Atomic Radius

The distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost shell of electrons, affecting reactivity and bonding.

Electronegativity Trend

Generally increases across a period and decreases down a group on the periodic table.