History of immunoserology

Max Theiler

Development of yellow fever

vaccine

Daniel Bovet

Antihistamines

Frank Macfarlane, Burnet & Peter Medawar

Discovery of acquired

immunological tolerance

Rodney E. Porter & Gerald M. Edelman

Chemical structure of antibodies

Rosalyn R. Yalow

Development of radioimmunoassay

George Snell

Jean Dausset

Baruj Benacerraf

Major histocompatibility

complex

Harald zur Hausen

Role of HPV in causing

cervical cancer

Françoise Barré-Sinoussi

Luc Montagnier

Discovery of HIV

Jules Hoffman

Bruce Beutler

Discovery of activating principles of innate immunity

Ralph Steinman

Role of dendritic cells in adaptive immunity

James Allison and Tasuku Honjo

Discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of

negative immune regulation

Niels Jerne

immunoregulation

Cesar Milstein

Georges E. Köhler

Technological advances in the development of

monoclonal antibodies

Susumu Tonegawa

Gene rearrangement in antibody production

E. Donnall Thomas

Joseph Murray

Transplantation immunology

Peter C. Doherty

Rolf M. Zinkernagel

Role of MHC in antigen recognition by T cells

Sydney Brenner

H. Robert Horvitz

J. E. Sulston

Genetic regulation of organ development and cell death (apoptosis)

Emil von Behring

Serum Antitoxins

Robert Koch

Cellular immunity to tuberculosis (Mycobacterium Tubercolosis)

Elie Metchnikoff

Role of phagocytosis

Paul Ehrlich

Role of antitoxins in immunity

Charles Richet

Anaphylaxis (came from the word aphylaxis)

Jules Bordet

Complement-mediated bacteriolysis

Karl Landsteiner

Discovery of human blood groups

Dausset and Rapaport

Histocompatibility antigens on leukocytes

Lindemann

1st to produce immune serum against tissue components

Metchnikoff and Besredka

prepared immune serum against leukocytes ( anti-leukocyte antiserum)

Bogomoletz

antisera against lymphoid tissues/ anti-lymphocyte antiserum

Haffkine

1st to perform cholera vaccination in India

Calmette and Guerin

Albert Calmette and Camillle Guerin were scientists and in 1923 they developed a vaccine against tuberculosis.

Lowenstein

tetanus toxoid - detoxified bacterial toxin

Glenny

diphtheria toxoid - detoxified bacterial toxin

Salk

Polio vaccine

Sabin

oral polio vaccine

Le Moignic and Pinoy

use of adjuvants in vaccines

Alouf, Chedid, Boquet

1st synthetic vaccine - diphtheria vaccine

Grubb

Idiotypes

Oudin

Allotypes

Waksman and Yankowic

role of thymus in immune system

Pfeiffer and Marx

Abs are developed in the spleen, bone

marrow, lymph nodes

Grabar and Williams

immunoglobulins are heterogeneous, detected the existence of IgA

nomenclature of Ig's was established and a.a. sequences of them were studied

Porter

2 Fab's and 1 Fc

Edelman

H chain and L chain

First complete a.a. sequence of an immunoglobulin

Putnam, Hilschmann and Craig

Constant and Variable region

Allison and Haskins

T-cell receptor

Coons

Immunofluorescence

Owen

Blood chimeras (in bovine twins)

Fagraeus

Abs are made in plasma cells

Svedberg

classify Ab through ultracentrifugation

Watson and Crick

Double helix of DNA

Jerne

Natural selection Theory

Talmage and Burnet

"Clonal Selection Theory"

Claman, et.al.

"B and T cell cooperation"

Prausnitz-Kustner

Passive transfer of allergic reactivity to an

allergen

Riley and West

role of histamine in inflammatory reactions

Burdet and Fenner

"Self-tolerance or immunologic tolerance"

Felton

Felton phenomenon (unresponsiveness or tolerance to pneumococcal polysaccharide)

Billingham, Brent, Medawar

Acquired immune tolerance in bone marrow chimeras in mice injected with allogeneic bone marrow at or before birth

Richet and Portier

Anaphylaxis

Arthus

Arthus phenomenon (a form of immediate hypersensitivity observed in rabbits after injection of antigen to which the animal has already been sensitized and has specific IgG antibodies.)

Shwartzman

Shwartzman phenomenon (rare reaction of a body to particular types of toxins, called endotoxins, which cause thrombosis in the affected tissue.)

Landsteiner

Father of Immunohematology

Haptens

Bordet and Gengou

Complement Fixation Test

Breinl and Haurowitz

Templates theory

Tiselius and Kabat

Antibodies are immunoglobulins

Pauling

"Variable Folding Theory of Antibody

Formation"

Bordet

Isoantibody

Wassermann and von Dugern

"Anamnesis"

Hypersensitivity Studies

bad side of the immune response

Hypersensitivity Studies

bad side of the immune response

Wright and Douglas

Opsonin (foreign microorganisms or cells making them more susceptible to phagocytosis.)

Paul Ehrlich

Ehrlich's Side Chain Theory

First to explain the appearance of

antibodies in the circulation

Key and lock

Bordet

Should have physical apperance or characteristics (Ehrlich's Side Chain Theory)

Arrhenius and Madsen

It should be reversible (Ehrlich's Side Chain Theory)

Fodor

action of an immune serum on microbes

Emil von Behring and Kitasato

neutralizing antitoxic activity of sera

Calmette

similar neutralizing activity against snake

venom

Pfeiffer and Issaef

Pfeiffer phenomenon (vibrio cholerae is introduced to an immunized guinea pig where it destroys cholera)

Jules Bordet

reconciled humoral and cellular theories

"Sensitizer" and "Alexine" (Complement)

Elie Metchnikoff

Discovered the role of leukocytes in phagocytosis

Celsus

Inflammation in animals

Virchow

All cells come from pre-existing cells

Inflammation Changes occur in CT

Arnold and Cohnheim

Inflammation in local vascular lesion

Girolamo Fracastoro

contgion

Edward Jenner

Smallpox vaccine

Louis Pasteur

Reduced the effect of chicken cholera, anthrax and

rabies vaccines development

Coined the term vaccine (from the Latin

vacca, meaning "cow")

Richet and Hericourt

blood immunized with staphylococci (weak

strains) gives partial protection to the same

organism

Charrin and Rodger

serum of animal immunized with

Pseudomonas aeruginosa agglutinated a

suspension of the same microbes

Pfeiffer

Specificity of the Protective Effects of

Immunization

China & Lady Montagu of Turkey

Variolation

Mithridates

Mithridatism (inducing poison to tolerate toxic)

Central Africa

Venom and ant eggs as treatment for

snake bites

Dutch Guiana

"Djoekas" Venom and ant eggs as treatment for

snake bites