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Marco Polo
Traveled to China; fueled oriental fantasy in Europe
Henry The Navigator
Started Portugal’s exploration phase; sponsored voyages
Bartholomew Diaz
Portuguese; failed to round the Cape of Good Hope at Africa’s Southern tip
Vasco da Gama
Portuguese; rounded the Cape of Good Hope and reached India
Christopher Columbus
Genoese sponsored by Spain; goal was to find a direct trade route to Asia; “discovered” the Americas, specifically the Caribbean
Amerigo Vespucci
Florentine; wrote about his “discoveries” in Venezuela, calling it the “New World”; the Americas named after him
Ferdinand Magellan
Portuguese sponsored by Charles V of Spain; goal was to find a sea route to spices in Asia; voyage was the first to circumnavigate the world
John Cabot
Genoese sponsored by England; “discovered” Newfoundland (Canada); also scoped out the New England coast
Martin Frobisher
English; 3 voyages in/around the Canadian Bay and brought back ores hoping it would be as valuable as minerals in Peru and Mexico; they were not
Jacques Cartier
French; explored Canada in search for route to wealth in Asia; failed so France turned to trading with natives
Hernando Cortes
Spaniard; killed Montezuma (Tenochtitlan’s leader) and Atahualpa (Inca’s leader), causing Mexica and Inca empire collapse
Samuel de Champlain
French; founded 1st permanent French settlement in Quebec
Rene-Robert Cavelier La Selle
French; descended the Mississippi to Gulf of Mexico, opening the Louisiana Territory for France