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Chemical decomposition
one reactant forms 2 or more simpler products.
Molecule
the smallest particle of a compound which still has its properties.
Deposition
gas to solid phase change directly, without condensing.
Phases
________ (states of matter): solid, liquid, gas, and plasma (charged gas)
Metalloid
(semimetal): 7 elements with intermediate properties between metals and non- metals; border the "stairs "on the Periodic Table.
Crystal lattice
a regular or repeating 3-D arrangement of ions in a solid
Atom
the smallest particle of an element which still has its properties.
Element
a pure substance which can not be chemically decomposed.
Filtration
solid is separated from liquid or gas by a sieve- like device.
Nonmetal
right side of Periodic Table; dull, low mp, and b.p., brittle, poor conductor of heat and electricity.
Ductile
able to be stretched into thin wires.
Acid
ionic compound containing H+ ion
Solubility
maximum mass dissolvable in a given volume of liquid.
Density
mass per unit volume.
Salt
ionic compound containing neither H+ nor OH- ions.
Superscript
number written ½ line up
Quantitative properties
measureable characteristics of matter.
Family/Group/Column
elements arranged vertically on Periodic Table.
Simple ion
a charged atom.
Ternary acid
made up of H+ ion and at least 2 other elements.
Binary acid
made up of H+ ion and just 1 other element.
Physical separation
separating components of mixtures.
Law of multiple proportions
in compounds composed of the same elements, the elements exist in more than 1 whole number ratio.
Covalent compound
contains 2 or more non- metal atoms.
Distillation
liquid mixture heated between the b.p.s of components in order to separate 1 component by vaporizing & condensing it.
Ductile
able to be stretched into thin wires
Malleable
able to be beaten into thin sheets
Quantitative properties
measureable characteristics of matter
Solubility
maximum mass dissolvable in a given volume of liquid
Melting point
temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid
Freezing point
temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid
Boiling point
temperature at which a liquid rapidly changes to a gas
Density
mass per unit volume
Element
a pure substance which cannot be chemically decomposed
Compound
a pure substance which can be chemically decomposed
Atom
the smallest particle of an element which still has its properties
Molecule
the smallest particle of a compound which still has its properties
Chemical symbol
a 1 or 2 letter abbreviation for an element
Phases (states of matter)
solid, liquid, gas, and plasma (charged gas)
Physical change
change in state
Melting
solid to liquid phase change
Vaporizing
liquid to gas phase change
Condensing
gas to liquid phase change
Solidifying
liquid to solid phase change
Subliming
solid to gas phase change directly, without melting
Deposition
gas to solid phase change directly, without condensing
Simple ion
a charged atom
Polyatomic ion
a charged molecule
Covalent compound
contains 2 or more non-metal atoms
Ionic compound
contains + and -ions
Heterogeneous mixture
mixture which doesn't look the same throughout
Binary acid
made up of H+ ion and just 1 other element
Ternary acid
made up of H+ ion and at least 2 other elements
Law of definite composition
elements exist in fixed, whole number ratios in compounds
Law of multiple proportions
in compounds composed of the same elements, the elements exist in more than 1 whole number ratio
Physical separation
separating components of mixtures
Distillation
liquid mixture heated between the b.p.s of components in order to separate 1 component by vaporizing & condensing it
Filtration
solid is separated from liquid or gas by a sieve-like device
Chemical decomposition
one reactant forms 2 or more simpler products
Electrolysis
DC electricity through mobile ions which gain/lose electrons to form new substances
heating
usually an ionic solid decomposes into metal and nonmetal
Metal
left side of Periodic Table; shiny, high m.p
Nonmetal
right side of Periodic Table; dull, low mp, and b.p., brittle, poor conductor of heat and electricity
Metalloid (semimetal)
7 elements with intermediate properties between metals and non-metals; border the "stairs" on the Periodic Table
Subscript
number/letter written ½ line down
Superscript
number written ½ line up Coefficient number written before a chemical formula; multiplies what follows
Aqueous
dissolved in water
Intermolecular bond
weak bond between molecules
Intramolecular bond
ionic or covalent bond within a molecule
Family/group/column
elements arranged vertically on Periodic Table
Period/row
elements arranged horizontally on Periodic Table
Alkali metal family
column 1 on Periodic Table
Alkaline earth metal family
column 2 on Periodic Table
Halogens
column 17 on Periodic Table
Inert (noble) gas family
column 18 on Periodic Table
Periodic Pattern (periodicity)
a repeating pattern
homogeneous mixture
mixture which looks the same throughout.
Base
ionic compound containing OH- ion.
Coefficient
number written before a chemical formula; multiplies what follows.
