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Chemical decomposition

one reactant forms 2 or more simpler products.

Molecule

the smallest particle of a compound which still has its properties.

Deposition

gas to solid phase change directly, without condensing.

Phases

________ (states of matter): solid, liquid, gas, and plasma (charged gas)

Metalloid

(semimetal): 7 elements with intermediate properties between metals and non- metals; border the "stairs "on the Periodic Table.

Crystal lattice

a regular or repeating 3-D arrangement of ions in a solid

Atom

the smallest particle of an element which still has its properties.

Element

a pure substance which can not be chemically decomposed.

Filtration

solid is separated from liquid or gas by a sieve- like device.

Nonmetal

right side of Periodic Table; dull, low mp, and b.p., brittle, poor conductor of heat and electricity.

Ductile

able to be stretched into thin wires.

Acid

ionic compound containing H+ ion

Solubility

maximum mass dissolvable in a given volume of liquid.

Density

mass per unit volume.

Salt

ionic compound containing neither H+ nor OH- ions.

Superscript

number written ½ line up

Quantitative properties

measureable characteristics of matter.

Family/Group/Column

elements arranged vertically on Periodic Table.

Simple ion

a charged atom.

Ternary acid

made up of H+ ion and at least 2 other elements.

Binary acid

made up of H+ ion and just 1 other element.

Physical separation

separating components of mixtures.

Law of multiple proportions

in compounds composed of the same elements, the elements exist in more than 1 whole number ratio.

Covalent compound

contains 2 or more non- metal atoms.

Distillation

liquid mixture heated between the b.p.s of components in order to separate 1 component by vaporizing & condensing it.

Ductile

able to be stretched into thin wires

Malleable

able to be beaten into thin sheets

Quantitative properties

measureable characteristics of matter

Solubility

maximum mass dissolvable in a given volume of liquid

Melting point

temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid

Freezing point

temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid

Boiling point

temperature at which a liquid rapidly changes to a gas

Density

mass per unit volume

Element

a pure substance which cannot be chemically decomposed

Compound

a pure substance which can be chemically decomposed

Atom

the smallest particle of an element which still has its properties

Molecule

the smallest particle of a compound which still has its properties

Chemical symbol

a 1 or 2 letter abbreviation for an element

Phases (states of matter)

solid, liquid, gas, and plasma (charged gas)

Physical change

change in state

Melting

solid to liquid phase change

Vaporizing

liquid to gas phase change

Condensing

gas to liquid phase change

Solidifying

liquid to solid phase change

Subliming

solid to gas phase change directly, without melting

Deposition

gas to solid phase change directly, without condensing

Simple ion

a charged atom

Polyatomic ion

a charged molecule

Covalent compound

contains 2 or more non-metal atoms

Ionic compound

contains + and -ions

Heterogeneous mixture

mixture which doesn't look the same throughout

Binary acid

made up of H+ ion and just 1 other element

Ternary acid

made up of H+ ion and at least 2 other elements

Law of definite composition

elements exist in fixed, whole number ratios in compounds

Law of multiple proportions

in compounds composed of the same elements, the elements exist in more than 1 whole number ratio

Physical separation

separating components of mixtures

Distillation

liquid mixture heated between the b.p.s of components in order to separate 1 component by vaporizing & condensing it

Filtration

solid is separated from liquid or gas by a sieve-like device

Chemical decomposition

one reactant forms 2 or more simpler products

Electrolysis

DC electricity through mobile ions which gain/lose electrons to form new substances

heating

usually an ionic solid decomposes into metal and nonmetal

Metal

left side of Periodic Table; shiny, high m.p

Nonmetal

right side of Periodic Table; dull, low mp, and b.p., brittle, poor conductor of heat and electricity

Metalloid (semimetal)

7 elements with intermediate properties between metals and non-metals; border the "stairs" on the Periodic Table

Subscript

number/letter written ½ line down

Superscript

number written ½ line up Coefficient number written before a chemical formula; multiplies what follows

Aqueous

dissolved in water

Intermolecular bond

weak bond between molecules

Intramolecular bond

ionic or covalent bond within a molecule

Family/group/column

elements arranged vertically on Periodic Table

Period/row

elements arranged horizontally on Periodic Table

Alkali metal family

column 1 on Periodic Table

Alkaline earth metal family

column 2 on Periodic Table

Halogens

column 17 on Periodic Table

Inert (noble) gas family

column 18 on Periodic Table

Periodic Pattern (periodicity)

a repeating pattern

homogeneous mixture

mixture which looks the same throughout.

Base

ionic compound containing OH- ion.

Coefficient

number written before a chemical formula; multiplies what follows.