Russia up until civil waar

When was Bloody Sunday

9th January 1905

What was Bloody Sunday?

Peaceful march demanding 8 hour day and constitutional monarchy. 100 people were shot by Cossaks and the nation retaliated with strikes and rebellions

What were the Soviets?

Worker's councils established in Russian cities

Who led the St Petersburg Soviet in 1917?

Leon Trotsky

Who was Stolypin?

- Nicholas II took a positive step in 1906 when he appointed Pyotr Stolypin as minister of the interior and, later, as prime minister.

- Stolypin came from a noble family, but unlike many of his class, he demonstrated an awareness of the hardships that most Russians faced. He was also unusual amongst his class for his willingness to embrace reform.

- As well as being prime minister, Stolypin served as leader of the third Duma, and aimed to counter unrest by undertaking reforms that could vastly improve life for the peasants in Russia.

- Stolypin saw agriculture as the primary problem and wanted to work towards improving the peasants' situation, also believed in strict law and order, and he ruthlessly repressed any peasant uprisings.

- "Stolypin's Necktie" (death by hanging) was used widely to punish rebels after the 1905 Revolution.

What was the 1905 Revolution?

The revolution that began January 1905 with Bloody Sunday and ended with Nicholas II creating the October Manifesto.

Why did the 1905 Revolution fail?

-Army remains loyal to Tsar

-Revolutionaries not united

-Soviets remain too intimidating for moderate russians

-allowed rise of Stolypin

Why was the breakout of WW1 seen as a good thing by Nicholas II?

He saw it as a way to unite all the people under one banner

Why is Rasputin important in the Tsar's downfall?

-rumours he was having an affair with the Tsar's wife

-incredibly drunk and crazy when the Tsar wasnt around

-sullied the reputation of the royal family

When was the Woman's bread march?

Feb 23 1917

What happened on 25 Feb 1917?

Petrograd general strikes were encouraged by the bolsheviks

What happened 1 May 1917?

Petrograd Soviets got together and Duma no longer wanted to obey Tsar

When did the Tsar abdicate?

2nd March 1917

What was Order Number 1?

Soviets made the army democratic (good way to get army to support soviets)

Who made up the Provisional Government?

Ministers selected from state Duma with prince Lvov

What did the PG do?

-ended censorship

-freed political prisoners

-end capital punishment

-vote for all citizens

When did Lenin return to Russia? And what did he promise?

16th April 1917. Bread, land, peace and all power to the Soviets

Who was Alexander Kerensky?

Minister of war in PG right S/R (the peaceful ones)

Who was Victor Chernov?

minister of agriculture, left S/R (the violent ones)

What was the Kornilov Affair?

Attempted coup against the Provisional Government lead by General Kornilov in August 1917

What were the 'July days' of 1917

16-19 July The time when the Bolsheviks tried to take power in a revolution, called the July Days, they were defeated. Trotsky arrested and Lenin escaped to Finland

What were the consequences of the Kornilov affair?

kerensky was discredited,

When was Trotsky freed after the July days?

9 September, also elected chairman of Petrograd soviets which led him to mastermind the oct. revololution and organise MRC

Why was the Feb revolution of 1917 more successful than the 1905 revolution?

1905 Tsar Nick had the army and the aristocracy on his side but when 1917 rolled around Russia was doing worse than ever because of the war and the army started mutinying against their officers

What was the MRC?

Military Revolutionary Committee

What happened during the Oct revolution in 1917?

A big meeting was being held in the winter palace and many important soviets would be there, which is why the Bolsheviks decided to storm the palace on that day.

Why was the PG handling of the war shit?

Kerensky thought more Russian victories would bring the people together and support the new government, but it only worsened the economy

When was the Russian Civil War?

1918-1921

How was the Kornilov affair beneficial to the Bolsheviks?

Kerensky demanded Trotsky's help to deal with Kornilov and because of this victory the people saw the Bolsheviks as defenders of the revolution and their popularity skyrocketed. It also landed Trotsky the position of Leader of the Petrograd Soviets. The bolsheviks were very powerful now

Who made up the Provisional Government?

Ministers selected from state Duma and the Petrograd soviet

What was Trotsky's quote about the PG?

"One had authority but no power, the other had power but no authority"

What was Stolypin's land reform?

He wanted peasants to privately own land in hopes that it would create a group of conservative farmers that support the autocracy