GCSE AQA biology 1.1 cell structure and 2.1 cell organisation

Organelle

A specialised subunit within a cell that has a specific function

What are the organelles within an animal cell?

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Nucleus

Ribosomes

What are the organelles within a plant cell?

Cell membrane

Cellulose cell wall

Chloroplasts

Nucleus

Permanent vacuole

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Ribosomes

What is the function of the nucleus?

Contains the genes of the chromosomes

Controls the activities of the cell

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A liquid gel in which the organelles are suspended and where most of the chemical reactions needed for life take place

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Where aerobic respiration takes place

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Where protein synthesis takes place

What is the function of the cell wall?

Strengthens and supports the cell

Made of cellulose in plant cells

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

Contain chlorophyll so they are green

Chlorophyll absorbs light so the plant can make food by photosynthesis

What is the function of the permanent vacuole?

A space in the cytoplasm filled with cell sap. This is important for keeping the cells rigid to support the plant

What is protein synthesis?

The process of making proteins

Define prokaryotes

Simple cell structure doesn’t have a nucleus, permanent vacuole or other large organelles

Define eukaryotes

More complex cell structure and does contain a nucleus and other large organelles

What are the organelles within a bacterial cell?

Genetic material-loose in cytoplasm

Ribosomes

Cytoplasm

Cell membrane

Cell wall

Plasmids

Piles, flagella, slime capsule-only in some bacteria

What is the function of the slime capsule?

A protective layer to help defend bacteria against toxins and from drying out

What is the function of the flagella?

Allows the bacteria to move

What is the function of the plasmids?

These are small circular DNA molecules that carry extra genes from their main DNA molecule-bacteria can transfer plasmids to othe bacteria e.g genes for antibiotic resistance are often on plasmids

What are the organelles within a yeast cell?

Cytoplasm

Mitochondria

Temporary vacuole

Cell wall-made of chitin

Cell membrane

Ribosomes

Nucleus

What is the magnification equation

I=AM

Image size = actual size × magnification

Define resolution

The smallest change in a quantity that gives a change in the reading that can be seen