13.3 evolution can be measured by changes in allele frequencies

genetic structure

The frequencies of different alleles at each locus and the frequencies of different genotypes in a population.

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

condition that occurs when the frequency of alleles in a particular gene pool remain constant over time

Hardy-Weinberg conditions

1. no mutations

2. random mating

3. no natural selection

4. very large population size

5. no gene flow

Hardy-Weinberg consequences

1. frequencies of alleles at a locus remain constant from generation to generation

2. one generation of random mating restores proportions

Hardy-Weinberg useful for:

1. predicting the genotype frequencies of population from allele frequencies

2. which processes of evolution are acting on the evolution of a particular population