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3 purposes of life for christians
glorify god
prepare for judgement
bring about gods kingdom on earth
to glorify god - why?
great commission ā go forth and make disciples of all nations
āglorify your father in heaven
god = creator and sustainer of all that exists
humans created in gods image so represent gods qualities
how do christians glorify god?
show in own life and actions
tell others and try and encourage them to become christians so they too can glorify god
try and make their own lives god-like to represent him better in the world
draw peoples attentions to gods qualities in the world by talking and writing about them
engage in worship which draws on and reflects back to gods glory
what does genesis 2:7-8 say about creation?
āthen the lord god formed man of dust from the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of lifeā
shows care and affection for his indeividual creation
talks to adam and eve
prepare for judgement
parable of sheep and goats
believer preparation for judgement:
repent
follow teachings, laws
worship
carry out sacraments
adam and eve in union with god -
the fall -
atonement through jesus -
judgement -
= salvation!!!!
holistic
understanding the bigger picture
eschatological
relating to end of time
inaugurate vs repent
inaugurate = bring about
repent = turn away from
bring about gods kingdom on earth
SUMMARY - jesus makes it possible to understand a kingdom on earth - human actions and completion of gods work bring about gods kingdom on earth
lords prayer āthy kingdom come, thy will be done on earth as it is in heavenā
more holistic - humans part of whole fabrication of creation, bring completion to gods work
eschatological hope - one day jesus will return in glory and sin and death will be eliminated
why do christians strive to bring about gods kingdom on earth?
build own relationship with god
bring about conditions of perfect heaven in own community
how did jesus help to imagine kingdom of god on earth?
coming of jesus - first thing he says in marks gospel
āthe time is fulfilled and the kingdom of god is at handā
jesus = inaugurator of the kingdom
to make reality, must repent and work to bring about the qualities of god on earth
early definition of soul
inner existence of a human being, inhabiting body in life then leaving at death to return to god
moral and spiritual dimension of human existence and source f humankind response to god
early beliefs about soul
soul and body 1
soul did not continue after death
received from god some time before birth and returns to god after death
comes from judaism and early greek philosophy (plato)
soul = nephesh = breath of life infuses physical body
began at time of jesus to believe that since god is eternal, life (given by god) may not end at death
jesus and his resurrection
stated in all 4 gospels
tomb was empty
ate food
showed disciples injuries
appear and disappear
not recognised at times
what happens if jesus did not rise again?
no hope
qs surrounding nature of jesus
disciples lied
no forgiveness
great commission is pointless
death is the end
heaven must not exist
augustine - PHYSICAL
souls and physical body stained with sin
resurrection of jesus physical - no corpse
adam and eve betrayal - physical
physical to remove effects of sin
soul separates from body to meet with god, at end of time, soul meets with new glorified body
āif it has been preached that christ has been raised from the dead, how can you say there is no resurrection of the dead? corinthians 15:12
physical resurrection - STRENGTHS
new glorified body
may be recognisable and able to recognise others
reunited in afterlife
physical res - WEANESSES
what is a glorified body?
why is sin passed down if god omnibenevolent?
body decays when dead so how reunited?
why hasnt heaven been found?
paul -SPIRITUAL
perishable body sown, spiritual body raised in glory
butterfly analogy
trumpets - dead raised
spiritual dimension to jesusā risen body - appear/ disappear
ā the dead will be raised imperishableā - corinthians
āflesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of god - corinthians 15:50
spiritual res - STRENGTHS
heaven and hell not physical
new physical body not needed
negates qs about what a āglorified bodyā is
helps understand nature of god
spiritual res - WEAKNESSES
how would we speak to loved ones on a spiritual plane?
would we recognise one another?
purgatory
intermediate state in which those who died in a state of grace but not yet wholly pure can receive purification
catholic teaching
test of faith to reach heaven
limbo
unbaptised infants and those who lived before gospel and so never had the opportunity to hear the gospel
eternal spiritual refinement, inferior to heaven yet not as unpleasant as hell
ālet us hope there is a way of salvation for children who have died without baptismā
psychological realities
heaven and hell in our minds at same time as physical lives
many christians find resurrection, judgement and eternal joy/ suffering out of date, as no empirical evidence for existence after death
heaven - contentment, inner peace, joy, live wholly in harmony with beliefs and spiritual experiences
hell - spiritually in conflict with beliefs and instincts, inner suffering, misery and sense of failure which can lead to self destructive behaviour
can escape through therapy or treatment - psychoanalysis
plato
dualist approach
world of forms vs physical world
world of forms - perfect version of everything, only reached if live life of a philosopher
physical world - when die, soul judged in world of forms to contemplate form of good and if not perfect, live life again reincarnated into human womb until reach perfection
objective immortality
eternally in mind of god
process theology - god and universe panentheistically and as humans are part of universe will always be part of god
HOWEVER -
meaningless form of words
no longer conscious so how can it matter that we are objectively present
physical interpretations of afterlife
hell - many punishments and realities of people whilst doctrines of heaven/ hell were being developed were incredibly harsh and involved death and suffering, so in under for humans to understand and relate own experiences to the afterlife, depictions of heaven and hell entailed physical suffering , people had no trouble believing this
heaven - opposite, no pain or suffering, escape from reality for those that had to endure
spiritual int. of afterlife
joy of heaven vs suffering of hell
heaven - joy, peace, love, pleasure, safe, security
hell - spiritual loss, eternal absence of god, no good, joy, or peace, separation, sorrow, pain
if resurrection of dead spiritual, so must be final resurrection
if god has no meaning of time, only one resurrection where final destination decided
preparation for death
member of clergy may be present to offer comfort
last rites - consecrated oil to anoint the dying (catholic)
funeral service
acknowledge deaths reality and finality
celebrate life
reminder of hope of ressurection
ā i am the resurrection and the lifeā
prayers, hymns, reading from scripture, homily to deceased
two services - chruch and graveside/ cremation
holding wakes
catholicism and orthodoxy
ensuring deceased is physically accompanied by friends and relatives throughout death and burial
ensures corpse not desecrated
ensure deceased is constant object of prayer
orthodox view of death
soul leaves body for 10 day journey
passes toll-houses where demons attempt to collect their dues by dragging and luring spirit
spirit protected by angels and acts of remembrance from earth
can gain salvation
final judgement - soul reunited with glorified body
revelation 20:11-12 - judgement
āsaw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, an the books were opened. another book was opened, which is the book of life. the dead were judged according to what they had done as recorded in the booksā
venial vs mortal sin
venial - forgivable
mortal - unforgivable
act of grave matter
committed with full knowldege
deliberate conesnt
CATHOLIC
particular vs general judgement
particular judgement - individual judgement at death
general judgement - final judgement of living and death at end of time
similarities and differences to judgement in diff denominations
similarities | differences |
|---|---|
all agree - judgement | catholics only - purg |
end times | ortho - 40 days waiting |
jesus | particular judgement |
living and dead | catholics - venial and mortal sin |
heaven and hell | conservative - rapture |
faith, forgiveness, sin, good deeds |
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