________ are unsaturated hydrocarbons with carbon- carbon double bonds (C= C)
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Esters
________ are compounds with an- COOR functional group and are characterised by their sweet and fruity smells.
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chain length
As carbon ________ increases the colour of the liquid gets darker as it gets thicker and more viscous.
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Kerosene
________ and diesel oil are often cracked to produce petrol, other alkenes and hydrogen.
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condensation reaction
They are prepared from the ________ between a carboxylic acid and alcohol with concentrated H2SO4 as catalyst.
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similar properties
The molecules in each fraction have ________ and boiling points, which depend on the number of carbon atoms in the chain.
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polishes
Lubricating oil: for lubricants, ________, waxes.
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Fractional distillation
________ is carried out in a fractionating column.
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Gradation
________ in their physical properties, such as melting and boiling point.
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Alkanes
________ are a group of saturated hydrocarbons.
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Naphtha
________: raw product for producing chemicals.
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black liquid
It is a thick, sticky, ________ that is found under porous rock (under the ground and under the sea)
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Hydrogen
________ and a higher proportion of alkenes are formed at higher temperatures and higher pressure.
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Volatility
________ refers to the tendency of a substance to vaporise.
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smaller alkanes
The molecules are broken up in a random way which produces a mixture of ________ and alkenes.
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Hydrocarbons
________ are made from hydrogen and carbon atoms only.
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chemical properties
This is a series or family of organic compounds that have similar features and ________ due to them having the same functional group.
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Petroleum
________ is also called crude oil and is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons which also contains natural gas.
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natural gas
Most common fossil fuels include coal, ________ and hydrocarbons such as methane and propane which are obtained from crude oil.
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Structural isomers
________ are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae.
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fuel
A(n) ________ is a substance which when burned, releases heat energy.
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Organic chemistry
________ is the chemistry of carbon compounds.
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C C
The presence of the double bond, ________, means they can make more bonds with other atoms by opening up the ________ bond and allowing incoming atoms to form another single bond with each carbon atom of the functional group.
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Methane
________ is an alkane and is the major component of natural gas.
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Organic compounds
________ can be represented in a number of ways.
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catalytic cracking
A process called ________ is used to convert longer- chain molecules into short- chain and more useful hydrocarbons.
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colourless compounds
They are ________ which have a gradual change in their physical properties as the number of carbon atoms in the chain increases.
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molecular mass
The liquid flows less easily with increasing ________.
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Organic molecules
________ are classified by the dominant functional group on the molecule.
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ethanoic acid
Propanol and ________ will give the ester propyl ethanoate.
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homologous series
The functional group is a group of atoms which are bonded in a specific arrangement that is responsible for the characteristic reactions of each member of a(n) ________.
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Kerosene
________: for making jet fuel (paraffin)
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fractional distillation
The fractions in petroleum are separated from each other in a process called ________.
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Petroleum
________ itself as a mixture isn't very useful but each component part of the mixture, called a fraction, is useful and each fraction has different applications.
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Alkanes
________ are generally unreactive compounds but they do undergo combustion reactions, can be cracked into smaller molecules and can react with halogens in the presence of light.
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Alkenes
________ can be used to make polymers and the hydrogen used to make ammonia.
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1
General Formula
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2
Displayed Formula
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The names of organic compounds have two parts
the prefix (or stem) and the end part (or suffix)
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Cracking involves heating the hydrocarbon molecules to around 600
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Flashcard (85)