Vaccines And Diseases: Horses, Pigs & Others (Cram)

What are the four most commonly vaccinated for horse diseases?

Note: Influenza and EVR aren't as common to include in an annual vax protocol, unless the horse is frequently traveling to events

1. Encephalomyelitis

2. Influenza

3. Eqine viral rhinopneumonitis

4. Tetanus

Which are the two strains of encephalomyelitis seen in Canada?

1. Western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE)
2. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE)

What is the range of fatality rates for WEE and EEE respectively?

WEE – 20–30%

EEE – 40–90%

If a horse with encephalomeylitis develops severe symtpoms such as circling, blindness, incoordination, and paralysis, if it doesn't die, what will happen to it?

It will recover but be mentally deficient

Are EEE and WEE vaccines killed or MLV?

Killed

What are the three horse diseases that are transmitted by insect vectors (usually mosquitoes)?

1. Encephalomyelitis
2. Potomac horse fever
3. West nile virus

Generally horses will recover from the fever, cough, depression, etc. caused by influenza in 1–3 weeks, but what can they sometimes develop?

Pneumonia

Is the influenza vaccine killed or MLV?

Killed

What type of virus is equine viral rhinopneumonitis?

Herpes virus

What are the two strains of equine viral rhinopneumonitis that cause the worst symptoms and are most commonly in vaccines?

1. EHV–1
2. EHV–4

Clinical signs of EVR generally include fever, cough, and conjunctivitis. But what does EHV–1 cause?

Abortion in mares

What are the five horse diseases with killed vaccines?

Note: Influenza does have one MLV vaccine

1. Encephalomyelitis

2. Equine viral rhinopneumonitis

3. Influenza

4. Potomac horse fever

5. West nile virus

Which horse vaccine is a toxoid?

Note: All vaccines for clostridials are toxoids

Tetanus

Which horse vaccine is killed or MLV?

Strangles

Which two diseases have a 100% mortality rate in horses (one is not specific to horses, but all mammals)?

1. Tetanus
2. Rabies

What is this clinical sign of tetanus called?

https://images.cram.com/images/upload-flashcard/54/20/94/38542094_m.png

True or false: It is a good idea to vaccinate a horse for tetanus before surgery

True

What is the bacteria that causes strangles?

Streptococcus equi

Despite being caused by a bacteria, what else is strangles known as?

Equine distemper

A clinical sign of strangles is for lymph nodes to rupture, is it better for them to rupture inwards or outwards?

Better for them to rupture outwards, rupture inwards can cause severe pneumonia

If strangles results in abscesses in internal organs, what kind of strangles is this?

Bastard strangles, if these abscesses rupture, they can cause severe peritonitis and death

What is the mortality rate for strangles?

10%

If using the MLV strangles vaccine, how must it be administered to avoid tissue necrosis?

IN. If it is given before SQ or IM injections, and the horse sneezes it out, it can be carried into the body

What bacteria is potomac horse fever caused by?

Neorickettsia risticii

Does potomac horse fever cause upper resp symptoms or GI symptoms?

GI symptoms, like profuse diarrhea resulting in shock and colic. It also causes some indescript symptoms like depression, anorexia, fever, belly/limb edema, and abortion

What is the mortality rate for potomac horse fever?

10%

What are the four types of diseases that effect pigs?

1. Erysipelas
2. Respiratory diseases
3. Enteritis
4. Reproductive diseases

What are the three forms of erysipelas (diamond skin disease)?

Acute – Sudden death, high fever, depression
Subacute – Same symptoms, less severe
Chronic – Arthritis, lameness

What form of erysipelas does this pig have?

Diamond shaped lesions indicate acute form

What does PRDC stand for? It is a term used to describe several diseases that effect the respiratory tract of pigs

Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex

What do PRRS and SIV stand for? These are the two primary viruses included in PRDC

PRRS – Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome
SIV – Swine influenza virus

What two bacteria causes atrophic rhinitis in pigs?

https://images.cram.com/images/upload-flashcard/54/81/58/38548158_m.png

What two bacteria cause primary pneumonia in pigs?

Note: Secondary pneumonias can result from Mycoplasma pneumonia, Strep. suis, Salmonella, etc.

1. Bordetella bronchiseptica

2. Pasteurella multocida (Type A)

What bacteria causes colibacillosis? It is the leading killer of piglets

E. coli

Which clostridium causes enterotoxemia (severe and sudden enteric disease)?

Clostridium perfringens Type C

True or false: Salmonellosis, other than causing respiratory disease, also causes enteric disease

True

What are some diseases that affect reproduction in swine?

1. Erysipelas

2. Leptospirosis

3. PRRS

4. Porcine parvovirus

5. Enteroviruses

6. Strep. suis

What is the broad–spectrum reproductive disease protection given to pigs?

Parvo Sheild L5E

What is the most important thing to vaccinate sheep and goats for?

Note: Also can be vaccinated for Clostridials, tetanus, rabies, and Fusobacterium (foot rot)

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, which causes caseous lymphadenitis

Which disease of poultry can cause thick sciatic nerves unilaterally. It can be vaccinated against

Marek's disease

What canine disease are foxes vaccinated for?

Adenovirus, CAV–1

Which canine disease are mink and ferrets vaccinated for?

Canine distemper