biomed terms test 5

epidermis

upper layer of skin

dermis

middle layer of skin with blood vessels, skin glands, nerves, and hair follicles

subcutis

deepest layer of skin, provides contours of the body with fat and attach the skin to the underlying muscle

melanocytes

produce pigment resulting in tanning of the skin

albino

individuals have faulty melanocytes that have white hair and skin with pink irises

sebaceous

oil glands in skin

sudoriferous

sweat glands in skin

apocrine

sweat glands in the skin located in the armpits and other smelly areas of the body

eccrine

glands in the skin all over the body that produce watery sweat for cooling the body

mast cells

contain histamine and often line the blood vessels

erythema

skin flush from excess histamine in the skin due to allergies

acne

point, pinpoint inflammation of sebaceous glands

acneiform

resembling acne

alopekia

fox

alopecia

loss of hair

bulla

bubble, blister

bullous

characterized by large blisters

cicatrix

scar

cicatrical

new tissue that covers an injury and then scars

comedo

to eat up, glutton

comedones

thickened sebaceous secretion in a skin pore; “blackheads”

cutis

skin

cuticular

pertaining to the epidermis

dermatitis

inflammation of the skin

DTM

dermatophyte Test Medium

eschar

burning, hearth

eschar

crusting scab from a burn

furunculus

boil

furuncle

abcess of a hair follicle, boil

hirsutus

shaggy

hirsutism

excess hair growth

icthys

fish

ichthyosis

abnormal, increased scaling conditions of skin

lepros

scaly, rough

leprosy

infectious disfiguring disease of the skin, affecting nerves and nasal mucosa

lucidus

transparent

stratum lucidum

clear layer of cells in the epidermis

nevus

mole; congenital anomaly of skin

papula

pimple

papule

small, rounded, solid elevation of the skin

pemphix

blister

pemphigus

autoimmune blistering skin disease

phryne

toad

phrynoderma

follicular hyperkeratosis caused by vitamin A deficiency

pilo-

hair

piloerection

hair-raising, goose-bumps in humans

pityron

bran, srcuffy

pityriasis

disease causing scaling of bran-like skin flakes

prurire, psora

itch

pruritus

itching

psoriasis

noninfectious reddish skin patched and silver scales

rhytido-

wrinkle

rhytidoplasty

surgical wrinkle removal (face lift)

scabere

to scratch

scabies

itchy, scaly skin disease caused by mites

squama-

scale

squamous

formed of scales

desquamate

to shed, peel, or come off as scales

-stichia

rows

distichia

an additional row of eyelashes

tricho-

hair

trichophyton

fungus infection of hair, ringworm organism

trichobezoar

hairball in the digestive tract

varius

spotted

variola

poxvirus that causes speckled appearance, smallpox

verruca

wart

verrucous

pertaining to or like a wart

xero-

dry

xeroderma

dry skin

xerosis

abnormal dryness of skin or eyes

ADH

antidiuretic hormone; hormone produced by the posterior pituitary at the base of the brain that affects the kidneys; allows the kidneys to resorb water and reduce the amount of urine volume to a normal amount

GH

growth hormone (somatotropin); from pituitary, stimulates growth of the entire body, particularly liver, bone, fat, and skeletal muscle

hCG

human chorionic gonadotropin; produced by placenta and has luteinzing hormone effects

TSH

thyroid-stimulating hormone from pituitary and stimulates activity and growth of thyroid gland

PTH

parathyroid hormone

PRL

prolactin

MSH

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

ACTH

adrenocorticotropic hormone; hormone from pituitary gland at the base of the brain that stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland near the kidneys

FSH

follicular-stimulating hormone; hormone from pituitary gland that stimulates the development of follicles in ovaries

LH

luteinizing hormone; promotes the activity of the corpus luteum and its production of progesterone

Addison’s disease

hypoadrenocorticism

Cushing’s disease

hyperadrenocorticism

Grave’s disease

hyperthyroidism

Hashimoto’s disease

hypothyroidism

CL

corpus luteum (yellow body); tissue left after the follicle ruptures and releases an egg

gluco-

sweetness

glucose

blood sugar

glucosuria

sweet urine

glucagon

hormone that drives sweetness (breaks glycogen into glucose)

GTT

Glucose Tolerance Test; glucose is given orally or by IV injection and blood levels are measured right after to determine if insulin dose is sufficient

insula

island

insulin

hormone from pancreatic islets (islands)

Iodo-

violet

iodothyronine

an amino acid with iodine that is a precursor to thyroid hormone

pituita

phlegm (spit)

pituitary

gland where ancients thought spit came from

RIA

radioimmunoassay; diagnostic test using radioactivity and antibodies to detect very minute amounts of hormones

T3, T4

primary thyroid hormones in circulation

inguinal canal

testes start near kidneys and move down this to sit in scrotum

balano-

acorn, refers to glans penis