Hormones

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) source

hypothalamus

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) target organ/tissue

anterior pituitary

promote secretion of TSH and prolactin

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)

Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) chemical composition

peptide

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) source

hypothalamus

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) target organ/tissue

anterior pituitary

promote secretion of ACTH

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)

Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) chemical composition

peptide

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) source

hypothalamus

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) target organ/tissue

anterior pituitary

promote secretion of FSH and LH

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) chemical composition

peptide

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) source

hypothalamus

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) target organ/tissue

anterior pituitary

promote secretion of GH

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)

Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) chemical composition

peptide

Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH) source

hypothalamus

Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH) target organ/tissue

anterior pituitary

inhibit secretion of prolactin

Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH)

Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH) chemical composition

peptide

Somatostatin (growth hormone inhibiting hormone) source

hypothalamus

Somatostatin (growth hormone inhibiting hormone) target organ/tissue

anterior pituitary

inhibit secretion of GH and TSH

Somatostatin (growth hormone inhibiting hormone)

Somatostatin (growth hormone inhibiting hormone) chemical composition

peptide

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) source

anterior pituitary

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) target organ/tissue

gonads

female: growth of ovarian follicle, secretion of estrogen

male: sperm production

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) chemical composition

peptide

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) source

anterior pituitary

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) target organ/tissue

gonads

female: ovulation, maintenance of corpus luteum

male: testosterone secretion

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) source

anterior pituitary

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) target organ/tissue

thyroid gland

growth of thyroid and secretion of thyroid hormone

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) chemical composition

peptide

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) source

anterior pituitary

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) target organ/tissue

adrenal cortex

growth of adrenal cortex, secretion of glucocorticoids (all adrenal cortex hormones)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Prolactin (PRL) source

anterior pituitary

Prolactin (PRL) target organ/tissue

mammary glands

testes

female: milk synthesis

male: increased LH sensitivity and testosterone production

Prolactin (PRL)

Prolactin (PRL) chemical composition

peptide

Growth Hormone (GH) source

anterior pituitary

Growth Hormone (GH) target organ/tissue

liver, bone, cartilage, muscle, fat

widespread growth of tissues, especially in the target tissues

Growth Hormone (GH)

Growth Hormone (GH) chemical composition

peptide

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) source

posterior pituitary

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) target organ/tissue

kidneys

water retention, independent of sodium retention

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) chemical composition

peptide

Oxytocin (OT) source

posterior pituitary

Oxytocin (OT) target organ/tissue

uterus, mammary glands

labor contractions, milk release; may also be involved in ejaculation, sperm transport, and mother-infant bonding

Oxytocin (OT)

Oxytocin (OT) chemical composition

peptide

Melatonin source

pineal gland

Melatonin target organ/tissue

brain

circadian rhythms, may influence mood and sexual maturation

Melatonin

Melatonin chemical compostion

monoamine

Thymopoietin, Thymosin, Thymulin source

thymus

Thymopoietin, Thymosin, Thymulin target organ/tissue

lymphatic organs, T cells

regulates development of lymphatic organs; stimulate T lymphocyte development and activity

Thymopoietin, Thymosin, Thymulin

Thymopoietin, Thymosin, Thymulin chemical composition

peptide

Thyroxine (T3); Triiodothyronine (T4) source

thyroid gland (parafollicular cells)

Thyroxine (T3); Triiodothyronine (T4) target organ/tissue

most tissues

elevate metabolic rate and heat production, increased respiratory rate, heart rate, and strength of heartbeat; stimulate appetite

Thyroxine (T4); Triiodothyronine (T3)

Thyroxine (T3); Triiodothyronine (T4) chemical composition

monoamine

Calcitonin source

thyroid gland (C-cells)

Calcitonin target organ/tissue

bones

stimulates bone deposition (increases osteoblast activity)

Calcitonin

Calcitonin chemical composition

peptide

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) source

parathyroid glands

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) target organ/tissue

bones, kidneys, small intestine

raises blood calcium levels by stimulate bone resorption (increases osteoclast activity reduces urinary calcium excretion)

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) chemical composition

peptide

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine source

adrenal medulla

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine target organ/tissue

blood vessels, glands, heart, some digestive organs

promotes alertness, increases metabolic rate; stimulate circulation and respiration (fight or flight response)

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine

Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine chemical composition

monoamine

Aldosterone source

adrenal cortex (zona glomerulosa)

Aldosterone target organ/tissue

kidneys

promotes sodium retention, which also results in water retention; promotes potassium excretion. maintain blood volume and pressure

Aldosterone

Aldosterone chemical composition

steroid

Cortisol and Corticosterone source

adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata and reticularis)

Cortisol and Corticosterone target organ/tissue

most tissues

promotes stress responses: fat and protein catabolism, gluconeogenesis, and tissue repair

Cortisol and Corticosterone

Cortisol and Corticosterone chemical composition

steroid

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) source

adrenal cortex (zona fasciculata and reticularis)

precursor to testosterone, indirectly promotes growth of bones, pubic and axillary hair, apocrine glands and fetal male reproductive tract

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) chemical composition

steroid

Glucagon source

pancreatic islets (alpha cells)

Glucagon target organ/tissue

liver

promotes glucose release from glycogen store in liver back to blood (increases blood glucose levels promotes amino acid absorption, gluconeogenesis and release of fatty acids into blood)

Glucagon

Glucagon chemical composition

peptide

Insulin source

pancreatic islets (beta cells)

Insulin target organ/tissue

most tissues

promotes glucose uptake out of blood; stimulate amino acid uptake; promotes glycogen, fat, and proteins synthesis

Insulin

Insulin chemical composition

peptide

Somatostatin (growth hormone inhibiting hormone) source

pancreatic islets (delta cells)

Somatostatin (growth hormone inhibiting hormone) target organ/tissue

stomach, intestines, pancreatic islets

modulates digestion, nutrient absorption, glucagon and insulin secretion

Somatostatin (growth hormone inhibiting hormone)