World geography Pre AP final exam q2

Human Geography

Populations, countries, (political geography) cities, migrations, demographics

Relative Location

is our place in the world in relation to other locations.

Relative Location often requires knowledge of the

Compass Rose.

What are the directions on the compass rose

N, E, S, W, NE, SE, SW, NW, 0, 45, 90, 135, 180,225,270,315

Absolute Location

our place in the world expressed in terms of a universal grid system.

Important lines of latitude

Equator, torpic of cancer, tropic of capricorn, artic circle, antarctic circle

0

equator

23.5N

tropic of cancer

23.5S

Tropic of Capricorn

66.5N

Arctic circle

66.5S

antarctic circle

International date line

an imaginary line on Earth where the date changes by one day when you cross it.

Converging Plate Boundary

Plates move towards one another

Two types of converging plate boundarys

contintal- continental, oeanic- oceanic

continetal - oceanic

Oceanic plates move under continental (subduction) e

What does contiental oceanic create

Volcanic mountains and ocean trenches

Divergent plate boundary

Plates move away from each other, rift vally and mid oceanic ridge, volcanoes formed along rift

Transform fault

plates move side by side

Demography

The study of human populations—including such topics as birth, marriage, wealth, health, migration, and death.

Culture

The beliefs and actions that define a group’s way of life.

Elements of culture

Language, religion, food, shelter, education ,philosphy and politics creative expressions

Universal

applies to all humans, no matter where or how they live,

Not Universal

Varies culture to culture e.g. eye contact, gestures, clothing, etc.

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

People understand their world through their language, and the culture embedded, which evolves constantly. This defines, and limits, our perception of reality

Key Demographic Indicators

Population

Life Expectancy

Growth Rate

Death Rate

Birth Rate

Infant Mortality

the continents

North america, south america, eourpe asia, africa, oceana, antartica

all the oceans

pacific atlantic indian artic

What is a pee statement

Point, Evidence, explanation

is invading Ukraine

Russia

being invaded

ukrain

Russia prior to 1991

USSR

Leader of Russia

Vladimir Putin (since 2000)

Ukraine pripr to 1991

USSR

Leader of Ukraine

Vlodimir Zelensky

Russias key ally

Belarus

Belarus prior to 1991

USSR

leader of Belarus

Aleksandr lukashnko

Act of terror

A method to achieve your political goals by creating fear through public violence

Sectarianism

Very strong support for a religios or political group resulting in prejudice and confluct with other groups

When was NATO Created

1949

the end of the soviet union

1991

created Nato

The United States of America

the European Union created in

1993

EU’s purpose

A political and economic union, makes Europe-wide laws, and helps trade between members. Leadership is shared between countries, and democratic.

Nato stands for

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Main purpose of Nato

Military alliance, created to counter the USSR, “an attack on one is an attack on all”. Tries to limit Russian threats.

Eurozone

group of European countries that use the euro (€) as their official currency.

Schengen Zone

Free Travel, Open Borders

What countries are part of the Balkans

Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Serbia, Kosovo, Northern Macedonia, Turkey, Bulgaria, Romania

Nationalism

Excessive pride and loyalty to a state, to the detriment and exclusion of others. (Beyond Patriotism).

Civic Nationalism

Allegiance to a state, despite possible cultural differences amongst citizens. “Of multiple peoples”

Ethnic Nationalism

Allegiance to the state or future state, based upon cultural identity, understood as common language, practices, race, and historical origins. “Of one people”

Many historians blame for spreading this idea, at the beginning of the 19th century.

Napoleon

How did the Balkans become so ethnically diverse?

It’s a major migration crossroads, between Europe and Asia, and Europe and Africa, Ancient times = divided culturally between Greeks and Romans Slavic migrations from the East, in the 6th century onwards11th century Church schism : Western Balkans remained mostly Catholic, Eastern became mostly Orthodox Ottoman conquest in the middle ages, brought new peoples and Islam.