B U1L1 Living Things and Cells

Organism

A living thing

Cell

Basic unit of structure and function of all living things.

Cyto

cell

Unicellular Organisms

Living organisms that are composed of just one cell.

Multicellular Organisms

Living organisms that are made of more than one cell.

Cellular Organization

Organisms are made up of cells.

The Chemicals of Life

Living things are made chemicals: mostly water.

Energy Use

Cells use energy to repair injured parts, growth, etc.

Responding to Surroundings

React to changes in the environment.

Stimulus

A change in the surroundings that causes the organism to react.

Response

A reaction to a stimulus

Growth

Becoming larger

Development

Change that occurs during an organisms life to produce a more complex organism.

Reproduction

The ability to produce offspring that are similar to the parent(s).

spontaneous generation

The idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources......occured 400 years ago.

Louis Pasteur

(MID-1800S) A FRENCH CHEMIST WHO DESIGNED SOME CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS THAT FINALLY REJECTED SPONTANEOUS GENERATION. Controlled the expirement with broth.

WATER

IS NEEDED TO OBTAIN CHEMICALS FROM THEIR SURROUNDINGS, BREAK DOWN FOOD, GROW, MOVE SUBSTANCES WITHIN THEIR BODIES, AND REPRODUCE.

FOOD

PROVIDE ENERGY AND BUILDING MATERIALS FOR ORGANISMS.

AUTOTROPHS

ORGANISMS THAT ARE ABLE TO MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD...PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

HETEROTROPHS

ORGANISMS THAT ARE UNABLE TO MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD.

LIVING SPACE

A PLACE TO LIVE, GET FOOD AND WATER, AND FIND SHELTER.

STABLE INTERNAL CONDITIONS

ORGANISMS MUST BE ABLE TO KEEP CONDITIONS INSIDE OF THEM THE SAME EVEN WHEN CONDITIONS OUTSIDE OF THEM ARE CHANGING. (EX. TEMPERATURE.)

HOMEOSTASIS

KEEPS INTERNAL CONDITIONS JUST RIGHT FOR CELLS TO FUNCTION. (EX. WATER)

CLASSIFYING

THE PROCESS OF GROUPING THINGS BASED ON THEIR SIMILARITIES.

TAXONOMY

IS THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF HOW LIVING THINGS ARE CLASSIFIED .

CAROLUS LINNAEUS

(1750S) THE SWEDISH NATURALIST WHO DEVISED A SYSTEM OF NAMING AND GROUPING ORGANISMS BASED ON THEIR OBSERVABLE FEATURES.

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE

("TWO NAMES") A UNIQUE TWO WORD NAME GIVEN TO EVERY ORGANISM.

GENUS

(THE FIRST WORD) THE CLASSIFICATION GROUPING THAT CONTAINS SIMILAR, CLOSELY RELATED ORGANISM. EX. PUMA, MARBLED CATS AND HOUSE CATS...FELIS...ALL ARE CATS WITH SHARP, RETRACTABLE CLAWS.

SPECIES

(THE SECOND WORD) DESCRIBE A DISTINCTIVE FEATURE OF AN ORGANISM.

SPECIES

A GROUP OF CLOSELY RELATED ORGANISMS THAT CAN INTERBREED AND HAVE FERTILE OFFSPRING.

BACTERIA

ARE PROKARYOTES WHICH MEAN THAT THEY LACK A NUCLEUS.

ARCHAEA

(MEANS "ANCIENT") UNICELLULAR PROKARYOTES THAT LIVE IN EXTREME CONDITIONS SUCH AS HOT SPRINGS, VERY SALTY WATER, SWAMPS AND THE INTESTINES OF COWS.

EUKARYA

(EUKARYOTES) ORGANISMS THAT HAVE CELLS THAT HAVE A NUCLEUS.

PROTISTS

MOST ARE UNICELLULAR, BUT SOME,

ARE LARGE MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS. (SEAWEED) THEY CAN BE AUTOTROPHS OR HETEROTROPHS.

FUNGI

MOST ARE MULTICELLULAR, HETEROTROPHS OR DECOMPOSERS THAT HAVE A CELL WALL. (MUSHROOMS)

PLANTS

MULTICELLULAR AUTOTROPHS THAT HAVE A CELL WALL.

ANIMALS

MULTICELLULAR HETEROTROPHS THAT LACK A CELL WALL.

CELLS

ARE THE BASIC UNITS OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN LIVING THINGS.

ROBERT HOOKE

(1663) OBSERVED A THIN SLICE OF CORK THAT APPEARED TO LOOK LIKE RECTANGULAR ROOMS.... "THESE PORES, OR CELLS, WERE NOT VERY DEEP, BUT CONSISTED OF A GREAT MANY LITTLE BOXES..." HE NAMED THEM CELLS.

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

(1674) MADE A MICROSCOPE THAT COULD MAGNIFY 266X.

MATTHIAS SCHLEIDEN

(1838) CONCLUDED THAT ALL PLANTS ARE MADE OF CELLS.

THEODOR SCHWANN

(1839) CONCLUDED THAT ALL ANIMALS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS.

RUDOLF VIRCHOW

(1855) PROPOSED THAT NEW CELLS ARE FORMED ONLY FROM CELLS THAT ALREADY EXIST..."ALL CELLS COME FROM CELLS."

FRANCESCO REDI

(1600S) AN ITALIAN DOCTOR THAT HELPED TO DISPROVE SPONTANEOUS GENERATION.

List the levels of classification

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species