Roman Empire Exam 1

Rule by the first citizen

What does the Principate mean?

based on their clothes

How would you notice one's statues on the street?

mare nostrum

The Romans called the Mediterranean sea:

Augustus

Pax Romana began under the rule of which ruler?

period of relative peace and stability

The term "Pax Romana" refers to the

Achievement

What does res gestae mean?

Was a form of military discipline, pertained to the guilty who committed a capital offenses such as mutiny and derived from Latin meaning "removal of a tenth".

What was the practice of decimation?

A large, landed estate.

A latifundium [pl. latifundia] is

What were the objectives of the reforms of the Gracchi brothers?

land redistribution, expanding the military eligibility, and provide land to veterans

Marius

Whose army reforms first created made it possible to volunteer for military service?

Who was in the Second Triumvirate?

Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian

Who was fighting in the battle of Actium?

Octavian vs. Mark Antony and Cleopatra

The Council of Plebs had which function in the Roman Republic?

it protected the rights of the common people

Who led Carthage's forces across the Alps in the Second Punic War?

Hannibal

The ____________ were the common people in ancient Rome.This group was not allowed to make decisions in the government.

Plebians

Julius and Augustus Caesar were brothers.

False

Who killed Julius Caesar?

senate members

A triumvirate is:

an informal political alliance of three prominent men

Which Roman emperor was assassinated on the 'Ides of March'?

Julius

What is considered the greatest honor to the country in the Rome period?

Triumph

legatus:

is a high ranking officer of the army

The lowest ranking officers were called ____.

centurions

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus were both killed because they

angered wealthy and powerful Romans

Who is Marcus Agrippa?

a great Roman general and Augustus' friend

Who was Gaius Maecenas?

patron of the arts under Augustus

What was the Praetorian Guard?

The emperor's bodyguard

Livia Drusilla was the...

wife of the first Roman Emperor Augustus.

Who were the members of the first triumvirate?

Marcus Crassus, Pompey, and Caesar

What does 'Maius Imperium' mean?

Augustus can intervene in any province

What does imperator, imperatoris mean?

commander in chief, general

Pontifex Maximus was...

the highest priest in the Roman Empire.

Who Did Nero blame for the Great Fire?

Christians - resulted in the first persecution of Christians by Rome

What does Ara Pacis mean?

Altar of Augustan Peace

Which emperor admitted the Gauls to the senate?

Claudius

The Aeneid was commissioned by?

Augustus

What is damnatio memoriae?

removing any evidence that the person once existed

Who has been damnatio memoriae by Augustus?

Mark Antony

Who succeeded Augustus?

Tiberus

Who is Tiberius' mother?

Livia

Benefits of being a Roman citizen:

right to vote and marry another Roman, right of commercium, protection from flogging

How did Caligula die?

he was assassinated by the Praetorian Guard

Which emperor succeeded Caligula?

Claudius

What is a donative?

a cash gift given by the emperor to soldiers

What was bread and circuses?

Free bread and entertainment

Who chose Claudius as emperor?

Praetorian Guard

What discredited Emperor Claudius in the eyes of the elite?

his disabilities

Where did Claudius build a new harbor to insure Rome's grain supply?

Ostia

Which land was the most important source of Rome's grain supply in the Julio-Claudian period?

Egypt

Claudius directed the invasion of _________ in 43, emulating Julius Caesar's exploits there and personally going there.

Britain

Messalina was the first wife of?

Claudius

Who was the last emperor of Julio-Claudian dynasty?

Nero

Nero was interested in _____ rather than_____.

art and showmanship/ military matters

What was the name of the palace that Nero built?

The Golden House

Which new sect did Nero attack?

Christians

How did Nero die?

-He committed suicide with the help of a slave, as the Senate and people of Rome were after him.

True

Nero murdered his mother and wife.

After Nero, who or which section of the government has the most power?

Army and the provinces