Mesoamerican Art History Terms

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30 Terms

1

The Olmec Heartlands

The area with the largest concentration of Olmec civilizations. On the Gulf coast. Includes Tres Zapotes, La Venta, San Lorenzo

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2

The Olmec Horizon

The area of Mexico with a lower concentration of Olmec civilizations. Inland and Pacific coast. Includes Tlatilco, Chalcatzingo

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3

votive axe

a small sculptural object, shaped like an axe head

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4

nahuall/nagual

a human being who has the power to magically turn themself into an animal form

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5

sculpture in the round

a sculptural object that may be viewed from all sides, a fully sculpted free-standing object

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6

quincunx

the five-point directional system in Mesoamerica

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7

axis-mundi

a fifth vertical direction that traverses the realms of existence

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8

regal-ritual cities

urban centers that have highly developed ritual functions

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9

portrait

a visual representation of a unique/specific individual

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10

in situ

in original location

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11

San Lorenzo

an Olmec city/archeological dig site in the Olmec Heartland

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12

relief

an image carved into/from a surface

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13

bas-relief

low relief

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14

stela

a carved or inscribed stone slab pillar used for commemorative purposes

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15

isometric perspective

background figures are placed above rather than behind

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16
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17

anthropomorphic figure

a figure with human characteristics

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18

quatrefoil

a four-lobed shape

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19

Pacific Piedmont

the broad, sloping Pacific Coast plain of Guatemala and southern Mexico

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20

The Principal Bird Deity (PBD)

a bird deity that appears in art, subject of bird dances

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21
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22

the Popol Vuh

the (K’iche’) Maya narrative of creation

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23

Hero Twins

the twin protagonists of the Popl Vuh

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24

mural

a painting executed directly on a wall

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25

fresco

a painting executed directly on wet plaster on a wall or celling

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26

vision serpents

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27

logosyllabic

a writing system that used both logographs and a syllabary

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28

The Calendar Round

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29

Long Count

begins August 13, 3114 BCE

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30

4 Ahaw 8 Kumk’u

the Calendar Round Date that corresponds to the date of creation (of our current cosmological era)

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