AES242 CH6

Chronic, low-grade inflammation has been linked to an increased risk of ________

Heart disease, diabetes, cancer

Which of the following immune cells are classified as a leukocyte?

Neutrophils

Which of the following is not thought to be an characteristic of a preserved immune system in older individuals that exercise regularly?

Higher blood levels of inflammatory cytokines

An important function of the acquired immune system is to assist the body in

both recognizing and remembering specific pathogens (to protect against infection) and mounting stronger attacks each time a repeating pathogen is encountered are correct.

An acute bout of prolonged and/or high-intensity exercise may have a temporary depressive effect on the immune system. This response may be due to _________

decreases in killer cell activity.

decreased blood levels of B-cells, T-cells, and natural killer cells.

decreases in nasal neutrophil phagocytosis.

the adaptive immune system, the primary role of B cells is to

produce antibodies.

What exercise regimen listed below is most likely to bolster the immune system against a variety of infections?

20-40 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity

During exercise recovery, why do some immune cells move from the blood to muscle tissue?

to recruit other immune cells through the release of cytokines

to survey potential damage to active skeletal muscle

to promote an inflammatory response

A single bout of prolonged and/or high-intensity exercise has been shown to _________

increase the risk of infection.

Immunosenescence is a decreased immune function in

the elderly

The component of the immune system that destroys bacteria by creating holes in the surface of the bacterium is the

complement system.

Which of the following does not accurately support the "open window" theory that post-exercise infection risk is increased following marathon type events?

many circulating immune cells relocate to inactive muscle tissue leaving the body at risk of infection

The innate immune system is comprised of

neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer cells.

High circulating levels of cortisol can depress immune function in several ways including:

both inhibit the function of cytokines and suppress natural killer cell function are correct.

Immunoglobulins are also called

Antibodies

Which of the following immune cells are a component of the innate immune system?

natural killer cells

A "J" shaped model exists to explain the relationship between varying amounts of exercise and the risk of upper respiratory tract infections. This curve suggests that the risk of infection _________blank.

is lowest in individuals that engage in regular bouts of moderate exercise (i.e., moderate in both volume and intensity of exercise)

The term immunity

refers to all of the mechanisms used in the body to protect against foreign agents.

Which of the following cell type is not a lymphocyte?

neutrophil

A lifestyle factor that can have a negative impact on immune function includes ________

mental stress

inadequate nutrition

poor sleep habits

Macrophages can contribute to innate immunity in several important ways. These include

phagocytosis and production of cytokines.

Exercise should be avoided if cold symptoms

include a fever.

Which physiologic characteristic was identified in a recent research study as being associated with having better clinical outcomes following a Covid-19 infection?

A peak VO2VO2 above 7.5 METs

The most prevalent immune cell type in the blood circulation is

neutrophils

The first line of defense to protect the body against foreign invaders is

physical barriers

T cells are produced

in the bone marrow

The innate immune system is comprised of

physical barrier, cellular components, and complement proteins.

The J-shaped relationship between the intensity of exercise and the risk of URTI suggests that the risk URTI is lowest in people who _________

engage in moderate exercise.

What is the term for a decline of the immune system as a function of advancing age?

Immunosenescence

A single bout of exercise can reduce the risk of infection by increasing blood levels of

neutrophils.

natural killer cells.

antibodies.

The T cells that primarily attack virus-containing cells are

killer T cells

An acute 30-minute bout of moderate intensity exercise _________

does not have a negative impact on the function of key cells involved in immune function.

B-cells function as a key component of the immune system by

producing antibodies.

Circulating levels of which immune cells are thought to be responsible for the "open window" theory that post-exercise infection risk is increased following marathon-type events?

Decreased circulating levels of natural killer cells, T-cells, and B-cells

People infected with SARS-Cov-2, the virus that causes Covid-19, have better clinical outcomes if they are ________

physical active

During acute inflammation, vasodilation results in

Swelling

Edema

Increased blood flow to the damaged tissue

Field studies suggest that living and exercising at high altitude _______

depresses immune function and increases the risk of upper respiratory tract infection

The acquired immune system is often referred to as

the adaptive immune system

Immune function can be depressed following strenuous exercise due to high circulating levels of

cortisol.

The strategy of neutrophils to fight infection involves

both phagocytosis and release of chemical involved in inflammation are correct.

What are some of the postulated theories that may explain why healthy people that exercise regularly are usually protected against viruses like Covid-19?

Regular exercise training often bolsters the immune response following a vaccination

Regular exercise can help mobilize virus-neutralizing antibodies from the lymphatic system

Regular exercise can promote monocyte differentiation