CSD - Handout 3: Communication Development

communicative competence

the knowledge of language

communicative performance

actual speech behavior

linguistic, pragmatic

what are the two kinds of communicative competence?

phonological, grammatical

what are the two kinds of linguistic competence?

phonological competence

recognize and produce phonemes

grammatical competence

recognize and produce syntactic structures

sociolinguistic, cultural

what are the two kinds of pragmatic competence?

sociolinguistic competence

recognize and apply socially appropriate language

cultural competence

interpret and utilize culturally appropriate behavior

joint reference, rituals of infancy, caregiver responsiveness

what are the three early foundations for communicative competence that characterize an infant’s first year?

joint reference and attention

simultaneous engagement of two or more individuals in mental focus on a single external object or event

birth to 6 months, attendance to social partners

what is the first phase of joint reference and attention?

6 months to 1 year, emergence and coordination of joint attention

what is the second phase of joint reference and attention?

1 year and beyond, transition to language

what is the third phase of joint reference and attention?

rituals of infancy

infants lives center around the routines of feeding, bathing, dressing, and sleeping

caregiver responsiveness

refers to caregiver’s attention and sensitivity to infants’ vocalizations and communicative attemps

waiting and listening, following the child’s lead, joining and playing, being face-to-face

what are the four characteristics of caregiver responsiveness?

certain language and communication milestones

children around the world achieve what at roughly the same age and in the same order?

birth to 18 months

infancy lasts how long?

reflexive stage, control of phonation, expansion, basic canonical syllables, advanced forms

what are the five stages of vocal development?

reflexive stage

0-2 months, infants produce sounds of distress

control of phonation

1-4 months, infants make cooing and raspberries

expansion

3-8 months, isolated vowel sounds and glides, experimenting with pitch and loudness

basic canonical syllables

5-10 months, infants use true consonant sounds and true vowel sounds, canonical babbling

advanced forms

9-18 months, infants use diphthongs and jargon but do not produce true words

diphthongs

combination of two vowel sounds within the same syllable

jargon

special type of babbling that contains at least two syllables and at least two different consonants and vowels

clear intention and purpose, recognizable pronunciation, consistent and beyond original context

a vocalization is considered a true word if it meets what three important criteria?

1 year

infants utter their first true word when?

50

children acquire an expressive lexicon of about how many words during 1 year to 18 months?

18-24 months

when do children produce multiword utterances?

vocabulary spurt

a remarkable increase in the rate of vocabulary acquisition

underextension

between 18-24 months, children apply newly learned words to specific objects or actions rather than to a category of objects of action

overextension

involves the use of words in a wider set of contexts