AP World History Final

The White Star Lines and the Cunard Lines were examples of:

British trans-Atlantic commercial steamship companies

This Anglo-Scottish political economist authored The Wealth of Nations, and became known as the "father of capitalism."

Adam Smith

This French term was applied to the economic philosophy of allowing private businesses to operate completely free of any government regulations

Laissez-faire

The \________ signed in 1821, forced Spain to end its three-century long control of "New Spain," giving birth to the independent nation of Mexico.

Treaty of Cordoba

This French political philosopher wrote The Spirit of Laws and advocated for a separation of powers in any given government

Baron de Montesquieu

This Creole priest in New Spain sympathized with the peasants and workers of the nation that would become Mexico, and was eventually executed in the city of Guanajuato for his revolts against Spanish rule.

Miguel Hidalgo

\_______ was a method of transmitted short and long sounds to transcribe different letters of the alphabet across a telegraph system, creating a telegram message

Morse Code

Prior to the Industrial Revolution, small-scale artisan manufacturing was known as:

Cottage industry

Great Britain's advantage in terms of becoming the world's first industrialized nation was due to all the below factors EXECPT:

NOT the growing middle class with capital to invest

In addition to Buddhism, Japan was home to a type of traditional spirituality known as \_______, which endured during the Tokugawa Shogunate

Shintoism

The \_______ was signed in 1854, and opened the Japanese ports of Shimoda and Hakodate to US trade, which establishing an American consulate in the country

Treaty of Kanagawa

Alexander Graham Bell was best known for his patenting of which invention

Telephone

Workers in large, industrial cities were often housed in \______, which were poorly constructed complexes of small, cramped, and often unsanitary apartments

Tenements

In 1904, the newly industrialized Japan clashed with which other nation over the control of a port on the northwestern coast of China

Russia

During the period of the \__________, Japan underwent rapid industrialization and built up its military capacity

Meiji Restoratation

\_________ was an English-born cigar maker who immigrated to the United States and became a key figure in the American Federation of Labor

Samuel Gompers

This invention made harvesting of a certain key cash crop easier and faster, but likely also prolonged the institution of slavery in the Southern American colonies

Cotton gin

Labor union goals in the 19th and early 20th century included:

Fair wages and the power of collective bargaining

Francis Galton, and English socio-political writer, was best known for his adherence to which ideology

Social Darwinism

While ruling as regent for her absent father in 1888, Portuguese-Brazilian Princess Isabel made which revolutionary decision?

Abolished slavery completely

Migrant workers from \_____ contributed greatly to the construction of cargo and passenger rail lines that connected San Francisco to the rest of Northern California, Nevada, Utah, and Colorado

China

Natural resources that were grown or extracted from the earth and then taken to factories to be refined or processed into finished goods were known as

Raw materials

In 1769, James Watt perfected his prototype for this significant invention

Steam engine

The \_______, invented by John Hargreaves, made the spinning of thread from cotton filaments for quicker

Spinning jenny

Jose de San Martin, Simon Bolivar, and Bernardo O'Higgins were all known for their participation in:

Fighting for an end to Spanish control in South America

This Danish astronomer was known for his astronomical research that created the foundation for the study of the stars and planets

Tycho Brahe

\________ invented the seed drill in 1701, which made planting more efficient and helped Britain increase its agricultural yields during the eighteenth century

Jethro Tull

Issac Newton:

Noted that an unseen force of mass kept objects drawn to the earth's surface

\________ was the primary fossil fuel used during the 19th and early 20th centuries

Coal

The first European power to establish settlements on the island of Sri Lanka, also known as Ceylon, was:

Portugal

The DeBeers Diamond company was owned by this man, a prominent advocate for British exploration and colonization of the African continent

Cecil Rhodes

The French colony of Indochina was best known for trees that produced the sap used to make this valuable industrial material

Rubber

After the \_______ mutiny of 1857, British authorities instituted harsh measures against any Indian resistance to British dominance,

Sepoy

Choose the two correct religious affiliations for this sentence:
While the Byzantine Empire was \________, the Ottoman Turks has adopted \________ as their faith

Christian, Islam

Which country was able to defeat the Ottomans in 1821 after 400 years of being in the Ottoman Empire

Greece

Choose the two correct political entities to complete this sentence.
Rebellions by Arabic-speaking populations lead to Egypt breaking from \_____ control in 1882, only to end up being occupied by \_______ forces.

Ottoman, British

\______ were companies created by multiple different investors on the principle of shared risk, and made colonial exploration and the target of markets in Africa and Asia a major part of their businesses

Joint-stock companies

The spread of European languages and the arrival of different Christian churches in places inhabited by native people are example of:

cultural imposition

Inequalities such as those from minority religions being required to pay extra taxes forced military were imposed on:

non Muslims in the Ottoman Empire

By the 18th Century which was Britain's most valuable colony

India

This archipelago nation in Southeast Asia was controlled by the Dutch

Indonesia

After the British victory in the Opium War, the British seized control of this Asian port.

Hong Kong

Which was the only African country to remain independent by 1900

Ethiopia

Which was not a function of the British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company:

To exclude private investors from funding the companies

Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Rhodesia, and Souther Africa within the British Empire were example of:

settler colonies

British supremacy in North America was established following the end of what

French and Indian War

Which of the following was colonized by Belgium

Congo

\_______ were the Russian communist faction who seized power in October of 1917 and completely took control of Russia following their victory in 1921

Bolsheviks

\______ is the process by which a standing monarch voluntarily renounces his position of authority; an example of this was Nicholas II's stepping down from the Romanov throne in March of 1917

Abdication

Treblinka and Auschwitz were examples of:

Nazi concentration camps

Gulags were established as:

Prison camps in Siberia for political dissidents during the years of the Soviet Union under Lenin and Stalin

While the Russian communists were referred to as the "Reds" in the context of the Russian Civil War (1918-1921), their opponents were known as the

Whites

This small nation fended off a Soviet attack between 1939 and 1940 and was well-known for its sniper defenses during an extremely harsh winter season.

NOT Serbia

In the late summer of 1914, the German military strategy to invade France through Belgium and capture the French capital of Paris was known as the:

NOT Operation Barbarossa

\______ fled the Soviet Union after Lenin's death, and was assassinated in Mexico City where he was living in exile

NOT Nicholas Romanov

The Ukrainian term \____ refers to the famine-genocide perpetrated by Stalin's regime against land-holding farmers who resisted the collectivization of agriculture

Holodomor

This Native American tribe used its language in order to transmit sensitive US military codes during WWII:

Navajo

The plane that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima in August of 1945 was called the:

The Enola Gay

Which of the following was a work of literature based on real-life experiences of a WWI veteran of the trenches

NOT The Great Gatsby

All of the following battles were fought on the Western Front during WWI EXCEPTS the:

Battle on Tannenberg

Otto Dix was best known for his contributions in the field of:

Post-WWI realist art

Joseph Goebbels was best known for what?

Acting as Hitler's chief propaganda minister

At the 1945 \_________, Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill met to discuss the future of Europe after the war was expected to end.

Yalta Conference

This humanitarian organization provided aid to both soldiers and civilizations affected by the Great War

Red Cross

The American effort to split the atom and develop a nuclear weapon during WWII was codename the:

Manhattan Project

The city in the province of Bosnia that was controlled by Austria-Hungary in 1914 was the site of the assassination that sparked the beginning of the Great War.

Sarajevo

Vladimir Lenin created the \________, a secret police service headed by Felix Dzerzhinsky who persecuted and killed an opponents of the Bolsheviks

Cheka

The political ideology of Hitler, Mussolini, and Franco was known as:

Fascism

This man served in the Russian Duma during the last years of Tsar Nicholas II, and acted as head of Provisional Government from March of 1917 to October of 1917

Alexander Kerensky

How did Hitler's life end

He committed suicide in his Berlin bunker as the Soviet army approached the city

During the Great War, or WWI, what aided troops in the trenches against enemy attacks that threatened asphyxiation

Gas masks

Great Britain's advantage in terms of becoming the world's first industrialized nation was due to all the below factors EXCEPT:

An influx of refugees from France's Revolution

In the early 20th century, persecution of minority groups like the Armenians, Assyrians, and Greek from their government came as a result of:

the Ottoman Empire dissolving

This Irish revolutionary, who was a dual US-Irish citizen, evaded the death penalty at the hands of British authorities following the 1916 Easter Rising

Eamon de Valera

The \________ were the anti-colonial group that evolved into a communist paramilitary faction that battled US troops in Vietnam

Vietcong

This US-backed military leader of Cuba was ousted by Fidel Castro in 1959

Fulgencio Batista

Following the creation of NATO, a Western military alliance, the Soviet Union instigated its own military alliance called the:

Warsaw Pact

A \______ is a nation that is stronger than both developed and developing countries around the world, and is in possession of highly destructive weapons technology

Superpower

The Dandi March was instigated by Gandhi following what British action

A tax on salt

\_________ was a Hungarian leader whose protests against Soviet domination of Hungary led to his execution in 1956

NOT Leon Trotsky

This was Arabic term for "disaster," which was used to connote the Palestinian refugee crisis following the creation of Israel, in 1948

Nakba

\_______ was the last fortress of French control in Indochina, which fell to independence forces in 1954

Dien Bien Phu

This Indian politician was assassinated in 1991, having spent much of his political tenure investing in India';s higher education and scientific research capacities

Rajiv Gandhi

IN 1993, this former Eastern Bloc nation voted for a "Velvet Divorce" which created two independent nations

Czechoslovakia

After Stalin's death, he was succeeded by this much more moderate leader, who would go on to meeting personally with American President John F. Kennedy

Nikita Khrushchev

This Yugoslavian leader split from Soviet control in 1954, and fashioned his country as an independent socialist nation

Josip Broz Tito

During the breakup of the former Yugoslavia, this political leader was accused of crimes against humanity after massacres in the regions of Bosnia and Croatia

Slobodan Milosevic

Operation Ajax in 1953 was a joint American-British operation in Iran that:

Ousted the prime minister Mossadegh from office

Which of the following regions of the world was dominated by France during the 19th and early 20th centuries

North Africa

The key principle of the Truman Doctrine, implemented by US President Truman in 1947, was:

Containment

A proxy war can be defined as:

An indirect confrontation between two opposing factions through funding and manipulating third parties

The Mau Mau Uprising took place in which British colony?

Kenya

IN 1972, this American President Richard Nixon instigated what radical change in US policy?

Opened trade with China

Terrence Powderly, an Irish-born immigrant to the United States, was the founder of this labor union group that included both skilled and unskilled workers.

Knights of Labor

After the British victory in the Opium War, the British seized control of this Asian port

Hong Kong

\_______ fled the Soviet Union after Lenin's death, and was assassinated in Mexico City where he was living in excile

Alexander Kerensky

The process of people training and containing animals over time is called:

Animal domestication

Our modern world uses a process of interactions across the world based on trade, travel, and technology. This is called:

Globalization

One common problem in less developed countries is the degradation of land that comes as a result of the land losing its bodies of water, vegetation, and wildlife. This process is called:

Desertification

\________ was an American-born former science professor turned radical anarchist who instigated mailings of bombs to government buildings in the 1970s through the 1990s, and became one of America's best known domestic terrorists

NOT Donald Rumsfeld