APHUG Unit 2 Vocabulary

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35 Terms

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Demography

 the study of population.

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Arithmetic density

the number of people per unit of measurement

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Agricultural density

the number of farmers per square mile of arable land

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Physiological density

the number of people per square mile of arable land

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ecumene

The part of Earth’s surface that is physically suitable for permanent human settlement

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Carrying capacity

maximum number of people an area can support using all of its available resources and technology

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overpopulation

occurs when an area’s population is greater than its carrying capacity

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Dependency Ratio

the measurement that shows the average number of people in an area’s population who are not economically productive, who must be supported by the area’s economically productive population

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Total Fertility Rate

a theoretical maximum number of children a woman can bear.

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Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

the total number of children born per 1,000 population

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Life expectancy

the number of years a person could theoretically live

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Pro-natalist policies

a government policy that encourages its population to have more children

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voluntary migration

The type of migration in which a person chooses to migrate

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counter-migration

According to Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration, every migration flow generates 
a return migration flow

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emigration

Migration from a location

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immigration

Migration to a location

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Push Factors

Reasons why a person feels compelled to leave his or her home area

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Pull Factors

Reasons why a migrant is attracted to a specific destination

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chain migration

The process of migrants moving to a specific location because relatives or members of the same culture have already migrated and settled there

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step migration

A type of migration in which a person migrates in a series of short distance 
moves

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Intervening Opportunity

An environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration from one place to another.

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Forced migration

a migration flow in which the migrants have no choice but to relocate

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refugees

People who quickly flee their country because of violence or fear

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Transhumance

a type of cyclical migration practiced by semi nomadic herders

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internally displaced person

a person that has not crossed the international boundary where they live but are displaced from their home

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Migration Transition Model (MTM)

argues that countries in Stages 2 and 3 of the DTM experience rapid population growth and overcrowding

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Population Pyramid

a bar graph that represents population distribution by age & gender

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Social Stratification

The hierarchial division of people into groups based on factors such as economic status or power

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Xenophobia

a strong dislike for people from another country

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Immigrants

People who move from a home country to a new country

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Infastructure

he basic physical and organizational structures and facilities

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Ethnic Enclave

neighborhood(s) filled with the same ethnic group

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Migration

Permanent or semi-permanent relocation of people from place to place

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Migrant

a person who is forced to leave their country due to violence or political unrest but does not move internationally

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arable land

Land that can be used to grow crops or for agriculture