APHUG Unit 2 Vocabulary

Demography

 the study of population.

Arithmetic density

the number of people per unit of measurement

Agricultural density

the number of farmers per square mile of arable land

Physiological density

the number of people per square mile of arable land

ecumene

The part of Earth’s surface that is physically suitable for permanent human settlement

Carrying capacity

maximum number of people an area can support using all of its available resources and technology

overpopulation

occurs when an area’s population is greater than its carrying capacity

Dependency Ratio

the measurement that shows the average number of people in an area’s population who are not economically productive, who must be supported by the area’s economically productive population

Total Fertility Rate

a theoretical maximum number of children a woman can bear.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

the total number of children born per 1,000 population

Life expectancy

the number of years a person could theoretically live

Pro-natalist policies

a government policy that encourages its population to have more children

voluntary migration

The type of migration in which a person chooses to migrate

counter-migration

According to Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration, every migration flow generates 
a return migration flow

emigration

Migration from a location

immigration

Migration to a location

Push Factors

Reasons why a person feels compelled to leave his or her home area

Pull Factors

Reasons why a migrant is attracted to a specific destination

chain migration

The process of migrants moving to a specific location because relatives or members of the same culture have already migrated and settled there

step migration

A type of migration in which a person migrates in a series of short distance 
moves

Intervening Opportunity

An environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration from one place to another.

Forced migration

a migration flow in which the migrants have no choice but to relocate

refugees

People who quickly flee their country because of violence or fear

Transhumance

a type of cyclical migration practiced by semi nomadic herders

internally displaced person

a person that has not crossed the international boundary where they live but are displaced from their home

Migration Transition Model (MTM)

argues that countries in Stages 2 and 3 of the DTM experience rapid population growth and overcrowding

Population Pyramid

a bar graph that represents population distribution by age & gender

Social Stratification

The hierarchial division of people into groups based on factors such as economic status or power

Xenophobia

a strong dislike for people from another country

Immigrants

People who move from a home country to a new country

Infastructure

he basic physical and organizational structures and facilities

Ethnic Enclave

neighborhood(s) filled with the same ethnic group

Migration

Permanent or semi-permanent relocation of people from place to place

Migrant

a person who is forced to leave their country due to violence or political unrest but does not move internationally

arable land

Land that can be used to grow crops or for agriculture