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Demography
the study of population.
Arithmetic density
the number of people per unit of measurement
Agricultural density
the number of farmers per square mile of arable land
Physiological density
the number of people per square mile of arable land
ecumene
The part of Earth’s surface that is physically suitable for permanent human settlement
Carrying capacity
maximum number of people an area can support using all of its available resources and technology
overpopulation
occurs when an area’s population is greater than its carrying capacity
Dependency Ratio
the measurement that shows the average number of people in an area’s population who are not economically productive, who must be supported by the area’s economically productive population
Total Fertility Rate
a theoretical maximum number of children a woman can bear.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
the total number of children born per 1,000 population
Life expectancy
the number of years a person could theoretically live
Pro-natalist policies
a government policy that encourages its population to have more children
voluntary migration
The type of migration in which a person chooses to migrate
counter-migration
According to Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration, every migration flow generates
a return migration flow
emigration
Migration from a location
immigration
Migration to a location
Push Factors
Reasons why a person feels compelled to leave his or her home area
Pull Factors
Reasons why a migrant is attracted to a specific destination
chain migration
The process of migrants moving to a specific location because relatives or members of the same culture have already migrated and settled there
step migration
A type of migration in which a person migrates in a series of short distance
moves
Intervening Opportunity
An environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration from one place to another.
Forced migration
a migration flow in which the migrants have no choice but to relocate
refugees
People who quickly flee their country because of violence or fear
Transhumance
a type of cyclical migration practiced by semi nomadic herders
internally displaced person
a person that has not crossed the international boundary where they live but are displaced from their home
Migration Transition Model (MTM)
argues that countries in Stages 2 and 3 of the DTM experience rapid population growth and overcrowding
Population Pyramid
a bar graph that represents population distribution by age & gender
Social Stratification
The hierarchial division of people into groups based on factors such as economic status or power
Xenophobia
a strong dislike for people from another country
Immigrants
People who move from a home country to a new country
Infastructure
he basic physical and organizational structures and facilities
Ethnic Enclave
neighborhood(s) filled with the same ethnic group
Migration
Permanent or semi-permanent relocation of people from place to place
Migrant
a person who is forced to leave their country due to violence or political unrest but does not move internationally
arable land
Land that can be used to grow crops or for agriculture
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