Biology GCSE AQA - Cell division

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Gametes

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29 Terms

1

Gametes

Sex cells eg sperm, ova, pollen

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2

Diploid

A cell or nucleus of a cell that has a paired set of chromosomes

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3

Gene

A section of a chromosome made from DNA that carrie the code to make protein

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4

Alleles

Two versions of the same gene, one from your mother and one from your father

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5

Mitosis

Cell replication that produces two identical copies of a diploid cell

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6

Daughter cells

The cells produces during mitosis

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7

Chromatid

A copy of a chromosome using cell division

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8

Cytokinesis

The final part of the cell cycle (after mitosis) in which a cell splits in two

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9

Stem Cell

An undifferentiated cell that can develop into one or more types of specialised cell

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10

Differentiation

To specialise or adapt for a particular function

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11

Meristem

An area of a plant in which rapid cell division occurs, normally in the tip of a root or shoot

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12

Hormone

A chemical (produced in a gland in mammals) that moves around an organism to change the function or target cells, tissues or organs

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13

Clone

A genetically identical copy of something

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14

Genetic Variation

Inherited differences in organisms

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15

Environmental Variation

Differences in organisms as a result of the environment in which they live

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16

Ethical Issue

An idea some people disagree with for religious or moral reasons

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17

Chromosome

There are 46 of these in a normal human body cell, found in 23 pairs. One of these is made up of one long strand of DNA and contains many genes.

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18

DNA

This contains the information to make all the proteins in the body and to control the cell. It is found in chromosomes and genes are sections of this.

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19

Zygote

The single new cell formed by the fusion of gametes in sexual reproduction.

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20

DNA Replication

DNA replicates (duplicates itself) and each set moves to an opposite end of the cell before division.

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21

Cytoplasm

liquid inside cell where chemical reactions take place

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22

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell

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23

Nucleus

Contains DNA and controls the cells activity

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24

Sperm Cell

The male reproductive cell

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25

Meiosis

Cell division in which the parent cell divides into daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes

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26

Tissue

Similar cells grouped together

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27

Organ

A structure made of several types of tissue that carries out a particular function

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28

Organ system

Organs that group together to carry out a particular task

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29

Organism

All the organ systems in a complex animal grouped together

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