Cities and Towns

What are the 3 types of towns?

Capitals

Port towns

Provincial centres

Why was war especially bad for Antwerp?

Amsterdam was nearby so all trade just moved there

Name 3 ways a monarch can impact a towns ability to thrive

Impose taxes

Decide where the capital is

Grant trade privileges

What did establoshing guilds do?

encourage artisans to come and work for an institution which would maintain high standards

Why did cities need to be flexible and diverse

If trade recession and city relies on one trade = screwed

What is a city state?

Runs like a mini empire eg Florence is a city state which controls pisa

What is an imperial free city?

fully autonomous city in the Holy Roman Empire

Define a vagrant

People who are not a resident of a particular parish so are wanderers

How does a city become a capital city?

When a court is permanently based in a location

A city becoming a capital creates a…

snowball effect of movement into the city

Why did Bruges decline?

River to it was small so large, trans-Atlantic ships couldn’t trade there

How did religious tolerance effect the cities

Increase in population if accepting religious refugee’s

Name a push factor in the countryside

2nd and 3rd sons are inheriting very minimal amounts of land

The majority of housing development in cities were…

ramshackle homes put together by squatters

Give an example of where a city did try and control its trade centre

any businesses involving animal waste were grouped together

Give 2 examples of cities conforming to Renaissance expectations of straight line and clear zoning

Aix-en-Provence expanded beyond city walls

Stockholm reconstructed after 1625 fire

What was set up in Barcelona to help resist plague?

Turntables

Why was there chronic underemployment?

16th century saw demographic shift so more job seekers than jobs

Cunningham

though poor relief remained the responsibility of the lay authorities, the clergy exerted a far greater influence

Where were welfare concerns usually directed?

those who couldn’t help themselves such as the sick, widowed and orphans

State 1 fact from Gucciardini’s account

with great diligence and a good heart they go collecting daily alms

What did the Monte di Pieta do?

Bring moneylending into the charitable sphere

How high did the number of Robe Officers rise in the Cour de Aides?

11 in 1500 to 19 in 1600

Why was the east of the Dutch Republic weaker?

no trade links with baltic

what did venetian authorities encourage in the mid 15th century?

Investment in handicrafts

How did the Jorges trading family survive

3rd generation of brothers went into non-trading jobs which still included trading

How did central European countries diversify?

specialistion eg Bruges started to only produce incredibly high quality textiles

Give 3 ways guilds helped reduce transaction costs

stable environment

Co-ordination of production processes

Reduction of information asymmetries

How much of the London population were apprentices?

10%

What hospital provided orphans with training?

Hospitale de la Trinite, paris

Epstein

Guilds could thus provide institutional advantages in a world of craft production

Name 2ways guilds solved the problem of a lack of information reaching the customer

ensuring quality of workforce through review

attach a guild label is product met certain standards

What did the Lyon silk industry have the try and overcome?

having reward schemes and individual payouts if the specific innovator could be tracked down

1642 survey of Vienna shows of 4,700 guild masters…

only 25% had been born locally

What innovation came as a result of Dutch craftsmanship?

Fluitschip

Guilds encouraged innovation by…

allowing groups to go in on large investments together

Name 3 push factors

Steady breakdown of authority and safety

sons inheriting less land

expansion of fiscal authority into provinces

Who was geneva a safe haven for?

Huguenots

town citizenship could protect people…

from feudal obligations

Lubeck’s population was damaged by…

the decline of the Hanseatic league