anp exam 4

i wish i picked a different major

Orbicularis Oris

forms main point of insertion for facial muscles, constricts oral opening and pulls lips together (surrounds lips)

Depressor Labii inferioris

pull lip down and out, located under lips

depressor anguli oris

depress corners of mouth, compress upper/lower lip, under lips near chin

Mentalis

elevate and wrinkle mandible, pulls lower lip out, under chin

Platysma

depress mandible, runs down neck

Levator labii superioris

elevate upper lips, above lips

Zygomatic minor

elevate upper lips

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

elevate upper lips, above lips running along nose

Levator anguli oris

elevates corner of mouth and moves medially, upwards from corners of lips

Zygomatic major

elevates and retracts lips on angle, diagonal upwards to lips

Risorius

retracts lips at corners, horizontal across face

Buccinator

constricts oropharynx and moves food onto molars, horizontal from lip muscles

Tongue tip/apex

very front of tongue

Tongue blade

front-middle part of tongue

Tongue dorsum

top of tongue

Tongue body

meat of tongue, near the back

tongue base

second to back

tongue root

very back

Superior longitudinal

retracts and moves tongue, runs atop the tongue

Inferior longitudinal

retracts and moves tongue, tips downward, runs under superior longitudinal

transverse

narrows, runs horizontal on tongue

Vertical

pulls down to the floor of mouth, runs vertically on tongue

Genioglossus

retracts, protrudes, and depresses, looks like a bunch of branches at the bottom of tongue

Hyoglossus

sides of tongue, runs across tongue but deeper

Chrondroglossus

medial tongue depression, considered part of hyoglossus

Styoglossus

elevate posterior part of the tongue

palatoglossus

elevates posterior part of tongue, depresses soft palette

massseter

elevates mandible

medial (internal) pterygoid

elevates mandible

temporalis

elevates and pulls back mandible

Lateral (external) pterygoid

protrudes mandible

Mylohyoid

depresses mandible

Geniohyoid

depresses mandible

digastric anterior

pulls hyoid forward

Tensor veli palatini

elevates and retracts the velum posteriorly towards the pharynx to close the nasal cavity

Levator veli palatini

elevates and retracts the velum posteriorly towards the pharynx to close the nasal cavity

Palatoglossus

depresses or pulls down to open the nasal cavity

Palatopharyngeus

depresses or pulls down to open the nasal cavity

Musculus Uvulae

shortens and broadens the uvula

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

velopharyngeal closure

palatopharyngeus

swallowing

inferior constrictor

swallowing

Stylopharyngeus

pharyngeal elevation

Salpingopharyngeus

pharyngeal elevation

V Trigeminal

Mandibular muscles

VII Facial

Facial/oral muscles, labial muscles

Pharyngeal plexus of X Vagus, IX Glossopharyngeal, XI Spinal accesory nerve

Pharyngeal muscles

Pharyngeal plexus of X Vagus and XI Accessory nerve

Velum muscles

XII Hypoglossal

Tongue muscles

V Mandibular nerve of trigeminal

Tensor Velar Palatini

XI Glossopharyngeal

Stylopharyngeus

Pharyngeal plexus of X vagus and XI accessory

Palatoglossus

XII hypoglossal, spinal nerve C1

geniohyoid

deciduous teeth

baby teeth, emerge at 5-6 months

Class I malocclusion

normal

Class II Malocclusion

Retracted mandible (overbite)

Class III Malocclusion

Protruded mandible (underbite)

articulation

formation of speech sounds by bringing speech structures together

articulatory system

articulators brought together for the purpose of shaping speech sounds

resonation

manipulation of air into cavities of the body during phonation to alter perceived sound quality and intensity

resonatory system

portions of vocal tract where phonation resonates

cavities

oral, buccal, nasal, pharyngeal (nasopharynx, oropharynx, largynopharynx)

Mobile articulators (7)

mandible, velum, tongue, lip, cheeks, pharynx, larynx

Fixed articulators (3)

teeth, hard palette, alveolar ridge

Mandible bone

lower dentition, tongue

Maxilla bone

upper dentition, hard palate, alveolar ridge, soft palate, nasal cavity structures

Vomer bone

inferior portion of nasal septum, divides nasal cavity

Nasal bone

nasal cavity

Mastication

chewing

Degluttion

swallowing

Rooting reflex

orienting toward the direction of tactile contact of the perioral (mouth) region

Sucking reflex

tongue protrusion and retraction in preparation for receiving breast or bottle

Infant anatomy

smaller oral cavity and pharynx

larynx and hyoid is higher

Velum is longer

Epiglottis is more anterior

No teeth

3 stages of chewing and swallowing

oral stage

laryngeal stage

esophageal stage

Oral prepatory stage

preperation of food for swallowing, chewing basically

Oral transit stage

moves bolus from oral cavity into pharynx

Pharyngeal stage

moving bolus from pharynx to esophagus

Esophageal stage

moving food from esophagus into stomach

Dysphagia

difficulty swallowing due to lack of motor control

Modified Barium Swallow Study

xray recording of swallowed bolus

Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing

instrument goes through nose