CHAPTER 11: LIQUIDS AND INTERMOLECULAR FORCES

supercritical fluid extraction

Using ________, the components of mixtures can be separated from one another.

similar molecules

Intermolecular forces that bind ________ to one another, such as the hydrogen bonding in water, are called cohesive forces.

particles of a solid

The ________ can move directly into the gaseous state.

Gas phase particles

________ exert a pressure.

vapor pressure

Is the temperature at which its ________ equals the external pressure, acting on the liquid surface.

Fritz London

________, a German- American physicist, first proposed the origin of this attraction in 1930.

surface area

Is the energy required to increase the ________ of a liquid by a unit amount.

Spherical molecule smaller

________ surface area diminishes intermolecular contact and decreases dispersion force.

London

________ recognized that the motion of electrons in an atom or molecule can create an instantaneous, or momentary, dipole moment.

Hydrogen bonds

________ can be considered a special type of dipole- dipole attraction.

negative end

Cations are attracted to the ________ of a dipole, and anions are attracted to the positive end.

phase diagram

A(n) ________ is a graphic way to summarize the conditions under which equilibria exist between the different states of matter.

Point T

________, where the three curves intersect, is the triple point, and here all three phases are in equilibrium.

critical temperature

When the temperature exceeds the ________ and the pressure exceeds the critical pressure, the liquid and gas phases are indistinguishable from each other, and the substance is in a state.

hydrogen bond

A(n) ________ is an attraction between a hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom (usually F, O, or N) and a nearby small electronegative atom in another molecule or chemical group.