grade 10 History midterm study

how did the political structure under the union go?

crown, govenor general=excutive council=legislative council, house of assembly, population of united canada

how many members were in the excutive coucil?

8

how many members were in the legislative council?

24

for the house of assembly how many mps were their from canada east and canada west?

canada east=42 canada west=42

when was the union act adopted?

1840

what was the union act?

it united upper and lower canada into one province of canada. it enabled a single legislative council to govern wit crown assent. the act ruled that the assembly should consit of an equal number of representatives from both provinces

when was the first responsible government formed?

1848

who were the 2 guys that forme the first responsible government?

Baldwin and Lafontaine

what did the responsible government look like? (order)

until what year did Baldwin and Lafontaines alliance hold to?

1851

what were the problems with the responsible government? what laws were made that people were unhappy about?

a law granting amnesty to the patriots and a law compensating victims of the rebellions.

what was the result in these laws being made?

montreal 1849, the rioters burnt down the parliament in hope that lafontaine would be in there

Who was the leader for upper canada?

Robert Baldwin

Who was the leader for lower canada?

Louis Lafontaine

what was the name of the alliance between baldwin and lafontaine?

Alliance of reformers

what was baldwin and lafontaines objective?

to bring french into the government

how was the leader of the excutive council chosen (they would hold the position of the prime minister)?

they had to get elected in

the reform government passed a bill that reignited tensions between francophone, what was the name of the bill?

rebellion losses bill

were french canadians a minority in the legislative assembly?

yes

what is a metis?

a person whos mother and father arent from the same origin, half aboriginal half french canadian

what is anticlerical?

it’s a person that doesn’t beleive that the church should be at the top

whats another word to say anticlerical

secular

what is annexation

an action by which part or all of a states territory comes under the control of another state

What is ultramonatism

this group of people believed the church was at the top, if they didn’t like a decision the government made the could change it

What does excommunicate mean

you get cut out of the church and got shammed, you can’t be burried in a catholic cemetary and can’t go to church and they say you’re going to hell

anticlericalism?

they wanted the church and politics separate

who was the first prime minister of the responsible government

lafontaine

what is a double mahority

upper canada and lower canada parties come together

who is this and what party did he run

George brown, the grits

who is this and what party did he run

George Etienne Cartier, parti bleu

who is this and what party did he run

john A mcDonald, conservatives

who were the rioters that burnt down parliment

the english

what were durham’s 4 reccomendation’s

more immigrants, assimilation, responsible government, join upper and lower Canada (only 1 legislative assembly)

what was a two party system

reformers split into ‘moderates’ and ‘radicals’, because of the split political parties were formed, liberals and conservatives

when was the great coalition formed?

1864

what did George brown want to end

the period of instability

who did George Brown want to form an alliance with

the conservative leaders of upper and lower canada

what idea did the great coalition introduce to all the british north american colonies

confederation, this union would create a larder economic unit and protect them against an aggressive neighnor

what did the great coalition have to do in order for the idea of confenderation to work

they had to convince the other colonies that the idea could work

who were the members appart of the great coalition

George Brown, John A Macdonald and George Etienne Cartier

What year was the charlottetown conference

1864

which colonies were already meeting and what did they want to discuss?

The maritime colonies and they were meeting to discuss the idea of a union

was the great coalition invited to this meeting?

yes but they were not made very welcome but they didn’t give up

in the end what did they agree on?

they all agreed that a larger union has some merit and they decided to meet up again in october to iron out the details

what year was the Quebec conference?

1864,same year

what happened in this conference?

they agreed on federalism as the political framework for the union, they adopted 72 resolutions

what did the 72 resolutions summarize?

the division of power(federal and provincial), proportional representaion and the construction of a railway linking all of the provinces in the federal union

what conference was this?

charlottown confeerence

what were the reactions?

maritime provinces of newfoundland and pei worried about having to pay the debt for the canals and railwaywhich their provinces would not benefit from. they also had small populations so proportional representation did not favour them. nova scotia was also worried but they signed because of the railway link to the province of Canada

Did upper and lower canada support the idea of confederation?

Upper Canada did lower Canada did not

Who was Darcy McGee?

he was a immigrant from Ireland and was a politician

What year was the London conference

1866

what was the London Conference

the bill went to London to be passed by the british parliment.

Who made changes and what were they?

John A Macdonald, the BNA now included residual powers and power of disallowance, he insisted that the federal government have more than the provincial governments, Canada is federation because of these changes

What year was the BNA act

July 1st 1867

What was the BNA act?

It formally united the colonies entering Confederation and established federalism - meaning the distribution of powers between the federal Parliament and the provincial legislatures.

why did they join together for the great coalition?

they joined together for federation

when was the reciprocity treaty

1854-1864

what was the reciprocity treaty

it was a free trade agreement between the us and canada

what was the red river and northwest rebellions

metis got kicked out of the territory for them

who ran the group for the red river rebellion

louis reil

clear grit party

george brown rep by pop

what is rep by pop

representation by population

what were the liberals

radicals, they were anticlerical, known as the parti rouge in lower canada and clear grits in upper canada, parti rouge was led by: Antoine-Aime Dorion and clear grits was led by george brown

what were the conservatives

they were the moderates, in lower canada they were pRTIE Bleu led by george etienne cartier and upper canada called conservative party led by john a macdonald

what kind of members was parti blue made up of

buisinessmen and they enjoyed the support of the catholic clergy

what were the members for the conservative party like

most of the mebers were protestant, anglophone and loyal to the british crown

who is this

louis reil

what did he have to do with the creation of manitoba

Riel, a passionate defender of the Métis, advocated guarantees for their land, language and political rights. His leadership inspired the creation of Manitoba as Canada's fifth province on July 15, 1870

what happened when reil hid in america for a bit

the government sold his land

why was reil on the run

he was wanted for the murder of thomas scott

when and why was reil executed

1884 in regina for high treason for his role in the resistance to canadian enroachment

what was reil known as back then and now

he was known as a traitor and now a hero

what was famine

it threatened indigenous people of the west, arrival of thousands of colonists and building of the railroad reduced hunting and fishing territories

in exchange for their lands what did the government propose

first nation groups settle on reserves, they also garanteed them hunting fishing and trapping rights it also promised financial and food assistance as well as education

what was the purpose of residential schools

it was to assimilate=control

what year was the indian act

1876

explain the act

if you did not go to the reserve you were considered a minor you couldn’t have your own land no loans ect

with the indian act what couldnt they do

they couldn’t have dances, rituels, ceremonies ect

what year was the economic crisis

1873-1878

what was the financial crisis

new canadian buisinesses were competing with American businesses , the price of raw materials such as wheat and lumber were decreasing

population growth

Macdonalds final goal was to settle the west. using newly built rail network it made it easier to move newly arrived immigrants to the west and settle there, increase in population would help the domestic marcket

due to the population growth in Quebec where did many people move to

mechanized farming equipment and lack of land available , many people moved to the city (looking for jobs) or the other areas

Between 1840-1900 its estimated that almost 10% of the population left the province why did most of them move to America

in search of land, jobs and “better” future

what was the plan the catholic clergy came up with in attempt to stop this flow of french migration

with the help of the provincial government the catholic clergy encouraged families to settle in new areas of the province

what were the new agricultural areas

temiscamingue, bas saint laurent and lac st. jean

what was the pataroe famine

famine=starvation, patatoe famine in ireland lasted 2 years but had a huge impact, many people in ireland died from hunger and disease. many people went to an island for quarantine 80,000 people, many arrived sick from horrible transatlantic journey

what was the quarantine area

Grosse ile

what was the group institut Canadien do montreal

it was a group founded by young professionals and intellectuals in montreal, they had debates and started up a library and a newsaper to dicuss events, philosophical ideas ect…they did not like the idea of catholics and protestant members discussing issues that shouldnt be discussed

what was the guibord affaire

In July 1869 the bishop, supported by Rome, placed the Institut under an interdict. In Nov 1869 Joseph Guibord, who explicitly refused to renounce his membership in the Institut, died, and Bourget denied him burial in consecrated ground. That action opened more than 5 years of violent argument.

what was the role of the women (1840-1880)

they were considered to be minors and could not do anything without the consent their fayher or husband, women started demanding the right to vote and attend universities.

what year did McGill open it’s doors to women for studies in literature, philosophy and history.

1884

was it the same for francophone women

they were only allowed to access to english insitutions

what years was the first phase of industrialization

1850-1896

what this industrialization stimulated by

population growth, reciprocity treaty and development of domestic market factory-textiles(fabricks), shoes tabaco production

were the living conditions good

no

everyone worked everyday except for 1 day which day was that

sunday-known as gods day

what were the labour group

unions

what were the years for the second phase of industrialization

1896-1929

who worked in the factoris

men women and children but men were paid more