Chapter 8 - Female Reproductive System + Pregnancy

amnion

Innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus

areola

pigmented area around the breast nipple

Bartholin glands

pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina and just above the vaginal opening

breast

mammary

cervix

The opening to the uterus

chorion

Outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo; it forms the fetal part of the placenta.

clitoris

organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra

corpus luteum

empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell

endometrium

inner lining of the uterus

estrogen

Female sex hormone

fallopian tubes

tubes which carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus and which provides the place where fertilization occurs

fetus

the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

fimbriae

finger or fringe like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes

gestation

growth process from conception to birth

hCG

human chorionic gonadotropin

hymen

fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina

labia majora

the larger outer folds of the vulva.

labia minora

Smaller pair of skin folds that protect the vaginal opening

mammary papilla

nipple of the breast

menarche

the first occurrence of menstruation

menopause

cessation of menstruation

menstruation

The shedding of the uterine lining

mons pubis

a mound of fatty tissue covering the pubic area in women

myometrium

muscular middle layer of the uterus

ovary

produces eggs

ovulation

process in which an egg is released from the ovary

ovum

female gamete

parturition

process of giving birth

perimetrium

outer layer of uterus

perineum

in females, the area between the anus and the vagina

placenta

A structure that allows an embryo to be nourished with the mother's blood supply

progesterone

A hormone produced by the ovaries which acts with estrogen to bring about the menstral cycle.

puerperium

six-week period after birth in which the uterus involutes

rectouterine pouch

pouch between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum

uterus

A hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity of the female, in which the embryo is nourished and develops before birth

vagina

A muscular, elastic passageway that extends from the uterus to the outside of the body

vulva

external female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice

an-

not, without

dys-

bad, painful, difficult

multi-

many, much

nulli-

none

poly-

excessive, over, many

pre-

before, in front of

primi-

first

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid

-graphy

process of recording

-gravida

pregnancy

-lysis

loosening, destruction

-para

beside, near

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasia

development, formation, growth

-ptsosis

prolapse, downward displacement

-rrhagia

bursting forth

-rrhea

flow, discharge

-scopy

process of viewing

-tocia

labor, birth

-tomy

process of cutting, incision

amni/o

amnion

cervic/o

neck, cervix

chori/o

chorion (outermost membrane of the fetus)

colp/o

vagina

culd/o

cul-de-sac (rectouterine pouch)

endometri/o

endometrium (mucous membrane lining the uterus)

episi/o

vulva (external female genitalia)

hyster/o

uterus, womb

mamm/o

breast, mammary glands

mast/o

breast

men/o

menses, menstruation

metr/o, metri/o

uterus

nat/o

birth

olig/o

scanty, few

oophor/o

ovaries

part/o

childbirth

puerper/o

childbirth; puerperium

salping/o

fallopian tube

thel/e

nipple

vagin/o

vagina

vulv/o

vulva

AFP test

Alpha Fetal Protein, blood too high means malfunction of brain and spinal cord

amenorrhea

absence of menstruation

amniocentesis

needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis

anovulation

absence of ovulation

antenatal

before birth (prenatal)

cervical dysplasia

the presence of precancerous changes in the cells that make up the inner lining of the cervix

cervicitis

inflammation of the uterine cervix

cesarean section (CS)

surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus

choriocarcinoma

cancerous tumor of the chorion

colposcopy

visual examination of the vagina

culdocentesis

needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac

dysmenorrhea

painful menstruation

ectopic pregnancy

implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location

endometriosis

endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

episiotomy

surgical incision of the perineum to enlarge the vagina and so facilitate delivery during childbirth

erythroblastosis fetalis

hemolytic disease in the newborn (HDN) caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus

hysteropexy

surgical fixation of the uterus

hysteroptosis

prolapse of the uterus

hysterosalpingography

x-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material

leiomyoma

benign tumor of smooth muscle

mammography

x-ray imaging of the breast

mastopexy

surgical fixation of the breast