ap united states history unit 3

Enlightenment

a movement that emphasized science and reason as guides to help see the world more clearly

Albany Plan

plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown

Pontiac's Rebellion

an Indian uprising in 1763 after the French and Indian War, led by an Ottowa chief named Pontiac. They opposed British expansion into the western Ohio Valley and began destroying British forts in the area. The attacks ended when Pontiac was killed.

Proclamation of 1763

a proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east

Stamp Act

an act passed by the British parliment in 1765 that raised revenue from the American colonies by a duty in the form of a stamp required on all newspapers and legal or commercial documents

Olive Branch Petition

July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances

Intolerable Acts

in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses

Sons of Liberty

A group of colonists who formed a secret society to oppose British policies at the time of the American Revolution

First Continental Congress

September 1774, delegates from twelve colonies sent representatives to Philadelphia to discuss a response to the Intolerable Acts

Second Continental Congress

Convened in May 1775, the Congress opposed the drastic move toward complete independence from Britain. In an effort to reach a reconciliation, the Congress offered peace under the conditions that there be a cease-fire in Boston, that the Coercive Acts be repealed, and that negotiations begin immediately. King George III rejected the petition

Declaration of Independence

the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

Common Sense

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation

Republican Motherhood

The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children

Land Ordinance of 1785

A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers

Northwest Ordinance

a law passed by Congress in 1787 that specified how western lands would be governed

Articles of Confederation

1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade)

Shay's Rebellion

A series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers led by Revolutionary War Captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings

Constitutional Convention

Meeting in 1787 of the elected representatives of the thirteen original states to write the Constitution of the United States

3/5th Compromise

slaves count three fifths of a person for population representation and taxation

VA Plan

favored large states in proportional representation

NJ Plan

favored the small states in proportional representation

Federalists Papers

a series of 85 articles advocating the ratification of the United States Constitution

Federalists vs. Antifederalists

Federalists supported ratification, anti-federalist did not. Federalists preferred a strong, central government but anti-Federalists wanted power to go to individual states. Federalists had a broad interpretation, but anti-Federalists had a strict interpretation

Bill of Rights

first 10 amendments to the Constitution

Federalists

a term used to describe supporters of the Constitution during ratification debates in state legislatures

Democratic-Republicans

led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank

Pickney's Treaty

treaty between the U.S. and Spain which gave the U.S. the right to transport goods on the Mississippi river and to store goods in the Spanish port of New Orleans

Whiskey Rebellion

1794 protest against the government's tax on whiskey by backcountry farmers

Jay's Treaty

Treaty signed in 1794 between the U.S. And Britain in which Britain sought to improve trade relations and agreed to withdraw from forts in the northwest territory

Washington's Farewell Address

warned Americans not to get involved in European affairs, not to make permanent alliances, not to form political parties and to avoid sectionalism

XYZ Affair

1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats

Alien and Sedition Acts

acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government

Virginia-Kentucky Resolutions

resolutions passed in 1798 that attacked the Alien and Sedition Acts as being unconstitutional

Undeclared Naval War

period of overseas conflict between the British and the US navies prior to the declaration of war in 1812

Benjamin Franklin

American enlightenment figure who was a scientist and inventor

John Adams

America's first Vice-President and second President

Alexander Hamilton

1st Secretary of Treasury

James Madison

Father of the Constitution, 4th president

Thomas Jefferson

Author of the Declaration of Independence, 3rd president