AP US History Unit 1 - Tribes of America Before Columbus & The Archaic Period

8000 BC - 3000 BC

Archaic Period

fishing hooks and nets; farming baskets

What new tools were created during the Archaic Period?

3000 BC, Mezo-America and the upper region of South America

Where and when did the Agricultural revolution begin?

specialize and advance

What did the agricultural revolution allow people to do?

maize

what was the main crop farmed in Mezo America?

The Incas

Largest and most wealthy empire of pre-columbus America

Pachacuti

Machu Pichu in the Andes Mts

persuasion, propaganda, and military force

silver

1400s (15 century)

Name the

1. First Leader of the Incas

2. First City

3. Where the first City was located

4. How the Incas forged their land

5. what resource made the Incas wealthy

6. the time period the Incas were in

the Olmec

The first Indian civilization of Mezo America

1000 BC

when was the Olmec formed?

the Mayans

The most advanced civilization of pre-columbus America

1. numerical system

2. engineering (pyramids)

3. most accurate calendar (astronomy)

4. written language

5. long distance commerce

6. advanced agricultural practices

Name all the advancements the Mayans made

wheels

What European invention did the civilizations in America not have access to?

The Aztec (1300 AD)

The most aggressive and powerful civilization in pre-columbus America + when it was created

California → Central Mexico

Where were the Aztec originally from and where did they end up?

Gods demanded them to move south until they found an eagle on a cactus eating a snake

Why did the Aztec relocate?

Tenochtitlan

What city did the Aztec build that became a hub for arts and technology?

tyrannical, warlike, militant

What words can describe the way the Aztec ruled?

tribute & human sacrifices

What two things did the Aztec impose on other tribes?

those that paid the tax could avoid attack and violence; those that did not would have to suffer the attack

How did tribute work in the Aztec empire?

polytheistic

What religion were the Aztecs?

virgins (mostly children) to the fertility God

What type of people did the Aztec people sacrifice? Who did they sacrifice to?

Midnight of the Spring Equinox

When was the Aztec sacrifices held?

smaller in size, less advanced, more scattered

North American tribes were __________, __________, and ___________ than the Mezo-American tribes.

physical environment

What majorly affected the culture of the tribes in North America?

Inuit

Name a tribe from the Arctic circle.

hunting seals + fishing + sleds

How did the people from the Arctic circle survive?

Chinook + Tillamook Tribe

Name two tribes from the Pacific Northwest.

salmon fishing + fighting with other tribes for resources

How did people from the Pacific Northwest survive?

Sioux

Name a tribe from the Great Plains

sedentary farmers that grew grain

How did people from the Great Plains survive?

adopted horses and became nomadic hunters of buffalo

How did people from the Great Plains adapt after the Colombian Exchange?

The Pueblos + Anasazi

Name two tribes from the Southwest.

Irrigation systems

What did the Southwest tribes create in order to plant corn?

Adobe homes that were good for insulation and keeping heat out

What houses did the Southwest make and why?

on cliffs for protection from attacks

Where did the Anasazi build their homes and why?

Iroquois

Name a tribe from the Northeast.

rivers and game (animals)

What was in abundance in the northeastern tribes?

hunters and gatherers

What jobs did the northeastern people do to get food?

slash and burn

What form of agricultural practice did the north eastern people practice?

nomadic

the northeastern people were ______; meaning they were not permanent settlers

eastern woodlands

what is another name for the people living in the northeastern region of America

Mississippians

Name a tribe from the Southeast.

earthen mounds

what was used to make burial grounds in the south east?

Cahokia

What is the major city that was developed in the Southeast by the Mississippians?

present day St Louis MO

Where was Cahokia located near?

squash, corn, beans

three sister farming included ____, ____, and _____

population

three sister farming helped support the growing _____

cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, creek, seminole

5 civilized tribes:

Algonquian, Iroquois, Muskogean

three main languages in the North American tribes

cultural practices, religion, language

The tribes were united by ______, ____, and ______

meal preparer and childcare

What place did women have in North American tribes?

What religious practices did almost all North American tribes have?

totem poles, polytheistic, animism

2

What number represents where the Aztec lived?

1

What number represents where the Olmec lived?

3

What number represents where the Mayans lived?

4

What number represents where the Incas lived?