Mineral Identification Quiz: Sulfates, Carbonates, Tungstates, & Phosphates

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1
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Anhydrite

  • Chemical formula: CaSO4

  • Hardness: 3-3.5

  • Cleavage: cubic; 3 planes 90 degrees

  • Color: dull white/grey

  • Luster: earthy

  • Streak: white

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula: CaSO<sub>4</sub></p></li><li><p>Hardness: 3-3.5</p></li><li><p>Cleavage: cubic; 3 planes 90 degrees</p></li><li><p>Color: dull white/grey</p></li><li><p>Luster: earthy</p></li><li><p>Streak: white</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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Gypsum

  • Chemical formula: CaSO42H2O

  • Hardness: 2

  • Cleavage: 3 cleavage planes

  • Color: clear/white

  • Luster: vitreous/pearly

  • Streak: white

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula: CaSO<sub>4</sub>2H<sub>2</sub>O</p></li><li><p>Hardness: 2</p></li><li><p>Cleavage: 3 cleavage planes</p></li><li><p>Color: clear/white</p></li><li><p>Luster: vitreous/pearly</p></li><li><p>Streak: white</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Barite

  • Chemical formula: BaSO4

  • Hardness: 2.5-3.5

  • Cleavage: 4 cleavage planes

  • Color: grey/white/brown

  • Luster: vitreous

  • Streak: white

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula: BaSO<sub>4</sub></p></li><li><p>Hardness: 2.5-3.5</p></li><li><p>Cleavage: 4 cleavage planes</p></li><li><p>Color: grey/white/brown</p></li><li><p>Luster: vitreous</p></li><li><p>Streak: white</p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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Celestine

  • Chemical formula: SrSO4

  • Hardness: 3-3.5

  • Cleavage: 3 planes not 90 degrees

  • Color: pale blue (Cinderella blue)

  • Luster: vitreous (glassy)

  • Streak:

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula: SrSO<sub>4</sub></p></li><li><p>Hardness: 3-3.5</p></li><li><p>Cleavage: 3 planes not 90 degrees</p></li><li><p>Color: pale blue (Cinderella blue)</p></li><li><p>Luster: vitreous (glassy)</p></li><li><p>Streak: </p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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Calcite

  • Chemical formula: CaCO3

  • Hardness: 3-4.5

  • Cleavage: rhombohedral, 3 planes not 90 degrees

  • Color: white/clear

  • Luster: vitreous

  • Streak: white

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula: CaCO<sub>3</sub></p></li><li><p>Hardness: 3-4.5</p></li><li><p>Cleavage: rhombohedral, 3 planes not 90 degrees</p></li><li><p>Color: white/clear</p></li><li><p>Luster: vitreous</p></li><li><p>Streak: white</p><p></p></li></ul><p></p>
6
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Siderite

  • Chemical formula: FeCO3

  • Hardness: 3-4.5

  • Cleavage: rhombohedral, 3 planes not 90 degrees

  • Color: brownish yellow

  • Luster: vitreous

  • Streak: white

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula: FeCO<sub>3</sub></p></li><li><p>Hardness: 3-4.5</p></li><li><p>Cleavage: rhombohedral, 3 planes not 90 degrees</p></li><li><p>Color: brownish yellow</p></li><li><p>Luster: vitreous</p></li><li><p>Streak: white</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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Rhodochrosite

  • Chemical formula: MnCO3

  • Hardness: 3-4.5

  • Cleavage/fracture: irregular/conchoidal fracture

  • Color: red

  • Luster: vitreous

  • Streak: white

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula: MnCO<sub>3</sub></p></li><li><p>Hardness: 3-4.5</p></li><li><p>Cleavage/fracture: irregular/conchoidal fracture</p></li><li><p>Color: red</p></li><li><p>Luster: vitreous</p></li><li><p>Streak: white</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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Smithsonite

  • Chemical formula: ZnCO3

  • Hardness: 4-4.5

  • Cleavage: perfect rhombohedral

  • Color: blueish green

  • Luster: vitreous

  • Streak: white

  • Crystal habit: botryoidal (lumpy) texture

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula: ZnCO<sub>3</sub></p></li><li><p>Hardness: 4-4.5</p></li><li><p>Cleavage: perfect rhombohedral</p></li><li><p>Color: blueish green</p></li><li><p>Luster: vitreous</p></li><li><p>Streak: white</p></li><li><p>Crystal habit: botryoidal (lumpy) texture</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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Dolomite

  • Chemical formula: CaMg(CO3)2

  • Hardness: 3.5-4

  • Cleavage: perfect, rhombohedral

  • Color: white, brown

  • Luster: vitreous/earthy

  • Streak: white

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula: CaMg(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></p></li><li><p>Hardness: 3.5-4</p></li><li><p>Cleavage: perfect, rhombohedral </p></li><li><p>Color: white, brown</p></li><li><p>Luster: vitreous/earthy</p></li><li><p>Streak: white</p></li></ul><p></p>
10
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Aragonite

  • Chemical formula: CaCO3

  • Hardness: 3.5-4

  • Cleavage: 1 plane

  • Color: red, white

  • Luster: vitreous

  • Streak: white

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula: CaCO<sub>3</sub></p></li><li><p>Hardness: 3.5-4</p></li><li><p>Cleavage: 1 plane </p></li><li><p>Color: red, white</p></li><li><p>Luster: vitreous</p></li><li><p>Streak: white</p></li></ul><p></p>
11
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Azurite

  • Chemical formula: Cu3(CO3)

  • Hardness:

  • Cleavage:

  • Color:

  • Luster:

  • Streak:

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula: Cu<sub>3</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)</p></li><li><p>Hardness:</p></li><li><p>Cleavage:</p></li><li><p>Color:</p></li><li><p>Luster:</p></li><li><p>Streak:</p></li></ul><p></p>
12
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Malachite

  • Chemical formula: Cu2

  • Hardness:

  • Cleavage:

  • Color:

  • Luster:

  • Streak:

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula: Cu<sub>2</sub></p></li><li><p>Hardness:</p></li><li><p>Cleavage:</p></li><li><p>Color:</p></li><li><p>Luster:</p></li><li><p>Streak:</p></li></ul><p></p>
13
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Wolframite

  • Chemical formula: (Fe,Mn)WO4

  • Hardness:

  • Cleavage:

  • Color:

  • Luster:

  • Streak:

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula: (Fe,Mn)WO<sub>4</sub></p></li><li><p>Hardness:</p></li><li><p>Cleavage:</p></li><li><p>Color:</p></li><li><p>Luster:</p></li><li><p>Streak:</p></li></ul><p></p>
14
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Scheelite

  • Chemical formula:

  • Hardness:

  • Cleavage:

  • Color:

  • Luster:

  • Streak:

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula:</p></li><li><p>Hardness:</p></li><li><p>Cleavage:</p></li><li><p>Color:</p></li><li><p>Luster:</p></li><li><p>Streak:</p></li></ul><p></p>
15
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Apatite

  • Chemical formula:

  • Hardness:

  • Cleavage:

  • Color:

  • Luster:

  • Streak:

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula:</p></li><li><p>Hardness:</p></li><li><p>Cleavage:</p></li><li><p>Color:</p></li><li><p>Luster:</p></li><li><p>Streak:</p></li></ul><p></p>
16
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Turquoise

  • Chemical formula: CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)84H2O

  • Hardness:

  • Cleavage:

  • Color:

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  • Streak:

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula: CuAl<sub>6</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(OH)<sub>8</sub>4H<sub>2</sub>O</p></li><li><p>Hardness:</p></li><li><p>Cleavage:</p></li><li><p>Color:</p></li><li><p>Luster:</p></li><li><p>Streak:</p></li></ul><p></p>
17
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Wavellite

  • Chemical formula: Al3(OH)3(PO4)25H2O

  • Hardness:

  • Cleavage:

  • Color:

  • Luster:

  • Streak

<ul><li><p>Chemical formula: Al<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>5H<sub>2</sub>O</p></li><li><p>Hardness:</p></li><li><p>Cleavage:</p></li><li><p>Color:</p></li><li><p>Luster:</p></li><li><p>Streak</p></li></ul><p></p>

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