institutional veto players

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Ocepek PS 0300

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37 Terms

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veto player

individual or collective actor who needs to agree to a change in the political status quo for it to occur

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institutional veto player

veto players generated by a country’s constitution

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partisan veto player

veto players generated by the way the political game is played

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judiciary

supports the constitution of a state through judicial review

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constitution

document or set of documents that outlines the powers/institutions/structure of government, expresses rights of citizens, and explains limits on government

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judicial review

power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of actions by other branches of government

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codified constitution

contained in single, comprehensive document that serves as the primary source of constitutional law

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uncodified constitution

made up of several different sources, including written and unwritten laws and precedents

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rigid constitution

a constitution that is difficult to amend or change, requiring special processes beyond ordinary legislation

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flexible constitution

a constitution that can be easily amended using regular legislative process

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concrete review

when a Supreme Court provides judgement based on the constitutional validity of a law in the context of a specific case

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abstract review

when a Constitutional Court provides an advisory but binding opinion on a proposed law that’s based on suspicion of inconsistency with the constitution

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supreme court

final court of appeals; provides concrete review

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constitutional court

court focused on interpreting and upholding the laws of the constitution; provides abstract review

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judicial restraint

view that judges should only apply the letter of the law, leave politics to elected bodies

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judicial activism

willingness of judges to venture beyond narrow legal reasoning to influence public policy

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common law

judicial rulings on matters not explicitly treated in legislation; based on precedents set by decisions in specific cases

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civil law

judicial rulings founded on written legal codes which seek to provides a single overarching framework for the conduct of public affairs

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religious law

when a religious system or document is used as a legal source; methodology used varies

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sub-national governance

management of government affairs at levels below the national scope

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multilevel governance

when power is distributed and shared horizontally and vertically among different levels of government (supranational to local); considerable interaction between the different parts

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unitary system

when sovereignty rests with the national government; regional/local units have no independent powers

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regional government

in a unitary system, it is a lower level of government that is between the national and local levels

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deconcentration

when central gouvernement tasks are shifted from employees in the capital to those in regional or local districts

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delegation

when central government responsibilities are shifted to semi-autonomous bodies accountable to central government

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devolution

when central government transfers some decisions-making autonomy to lower levels

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federal system

sovereignty is shared between two or more levels of government, each with independent powers and responsibilities

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federation

states where federal systems are used

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asymmetric federalism

when states within a federation have unequal power/influence bc of size, wealth, etc.

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dual federalism

when national and local levels of government function independently, and with separate responsibilities

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cooperative federalism

when the layers of government are intermingled; difficult to see who has ultimate responsibility; operates with assumption of subsidiarity

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subsidiarity

idea that the central government should only play a supporting role in governance, acting only if the constituent members are incapable of acting independently

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quasi federalism

when the system of administration is formally unitary, but has some features of federalism

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confederation

looser form of a federation; consists of a union of states with more powers in the hands of constituent members

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what are some reasons for judicial activism

increased reliance on regulation as a mode of governance; prestige of the judiciary encourages some transfer of authority to it; decline of the political left has enlarged the scope of the judiciary

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strengths of federalism

practical arrangement for large/divided states; stronger checks and balances; allows recognition of diversity; encourages competition between states; allows citizens to move between states; brings government closer to the ppl

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weaknesses of federalism

might be less effective against security threats; slower and more complicated decision-making; could entrench internal divisions; harder for center to launch national initiatives; complicates accountability; representation in the upper chamber of states violates “one person, one vote”