Molecular Bio Quiz 1

Organic Molecules

Molecules that exist in all living things and are considered life's building blocks.

Four Types of Organic Molecules

Lipids, Nucleic Acids, Carbohydrates, and Proteins.

Carbon

All organic molecules are based on this element.

Monomers

The building blocks of organic molecules that, when joined together, form polymers.

Polymers

Large molecules formed by the bonding of monomers.

Carbohydrates

Organic molecules with elements CHO, consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Monosaccharides

The simplest carbohydrates, serving as the building blocks of carbs.

Disaccharide

A carbohydrate formed by two monosaccharides bonded together.

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates formed by many monosaccharides bonded together.

Glycosidic Linkage

The bond that connects monosaccharides in carbohydrates.

Starch

The storage form of carbohydrates in plants.

Glycogen

The storage form of carbohydrates in animals.

Cellulose

Provides structural support in plants, found in leaves and stems.

Proteins

Organic molecules with elements CHON, made up of amino acids.

Amino Acids

The building blocks of proteins, with 20 different types.

Peptide Bonds

The bonds that connect amino acids in proteins.

Functions of Proteins

Include transport, recognition, structural support, and message transport.

Nucleic Acids

Organic molecules with elements CHONP, including DNA and RNA.

DNA

The blueprint that stores genetic information, double-stranded.

RNA

Codes for amino acids and translates genetic code into proteins, single-stranded.

Nucleotide

The monomer of nucleic acids, consisting of sugar, phosphate, and base.

Sugar in Nucleotides

Includes Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine.

Base Pairing

Adenine bonds with Thymine (two bonds), and Guanine bonds with Cytosine (three bonds).

Purines

Nucleotides with two rings, including Adenine and Guanine.

Pyrimidines

Nucleotides with one ring, including Cytosine and Thymine.

Phosphate Group

Attaches to the 5’ carbon of a nucleotide, forming a chain with the 3’ carbon.

5’ and 3’ Ends

Indicate the directionality of nucleic acid strands, with complementary base pairing.

Phosphodiester Bond

The bond that connects nucleotides in nucleic acids.

Lipids

Organic molecules with elements CHO(P), including fatty acids as building blocks.

Examples of Lipids

Phospholipids, triglycerides, steroids, and cholesterol.

Saturated Lipids

Have the most hydrogens possible and a straight tail.

Unsaturated Lipids

Contain double bonds, resulting in a kinked tail.