Basic Hand Tools

What are the 3 striking tools?

Machinists ball-peen hammer, rubber mallet, and double-faced sledge hammer

Machinists ball-peen hammer...

Is used for forming soft metal, peening riveting heads, striking metal in out of the way places, and striking punches and chisels.

Rubber mallet...

Is used on surfaces where hard-faced hammers might injure or mar the work. There are other heads made of soft materials: usually wood, rawhide, or rubber. They are used to drive wooden or plastic handled chisels, wooden pins, and to form or shape metal.

Double-faced sledge hammer

There are short handled and long handled double face sledge hammers. The short double faced sledge hammer can be used to drive bolts, drift pins, large nails and to strike cold chisels. The long handled double face sledge hammer is used to break rock and concrete and to drive spikes, bolts, or stakes.

What must be done prior to using striking tools?

Inspect the handle to make sure it is straight in the head and not loose.

Wipe off the head and handle to remove oil or other material which could cause the tool to glance off the object being struck.

Make sure the face of the hammer is not damaged or battered.

Do not use a steel hammer on a hardened metal surface.

What are the turning and twisting tools?

Open end wrench, box end wrench, combination wrench, adjustable wrench, socket wrenches, socket handles, accessories, torque wrenches, pipe wrenches, and screwdrivers

What is the advantage of the open end wrench?

When there is limited swing space.

What is the disadvantage of the open end wrench?

It can easily damage the facet.

What is the advantage of the box end wrench and why?

It is the safest wrench to use because it is less likely to slip off the work.

What is the most common wrench and has the advantages of both the open end and the box end?

Combination wrench

The size designation of open end and box end wrenches refers to the distance between the — — of the nut or bolt head.

Opposite flats

What is the best way of turning the wrench? If this isn't possible, what should be done?

Pull the wrench. If you must push, use the open palm of your hand.

Which wrench is has a moveable jaw that can be set to fit odd-sized nuts?

Adjustable wrench (aka knuckle buster)

The adjustable wrench should be turned so that the handle can be pulled — the — —.

Toward the immovable jaw.

What are the two types of gripping ends for socket wrenches?

Six point and twelve point

The — — socket wrench has a thick wall and is used for heavy work.

Six point

The — — socket wrench has a thinner wall and will fit into a narrow opening.

Twelve point

What are the standard drive sizes?

1/4", 3/8", and 1/2"

What are the four basic types of handles for socket wrenches?

Ratchet, hinged, sliding t-bar, and speed.

Ratchet handle...

Is used to remove nuts and bolts quickly. It has a reversing lever that operates a pawl or dog inside the head of the tool. It allows the mechanic to make many partial turns on the nut or bolt without having to lift and reset the socket wrench each time. It is the most commonly used handle.

Hinged handle...

Can be operated at various angles to clear obstructions.

Sliding t-bar handle...

Is used to exert a great amount of force on a nut or bolt. This handle is the best for heavy work.

Speed handle...

Is the quickest handle to use to remove nuts and bolts that have already been loosened.

Universal joint...

Inserted between the socket wrench and handle and allows the nut to be turned at an angle.

Universal socket wrench...

Are socket wrenches with universal joints built in.

Male adapter...

Allows you to use a handle having one drive size with the socket wrench having different drive size.

What is used whenever a definite force must be applied to a nut or bolt head, getting consistent clamping force?

Torque wrenches

What are the 3 commonly used torque wrenches?

Micrometer setting torque wrench, deflecting beam torque wrench, and dial indicator torque wrench

All torque wrenches must have a current — — .

Calibration sticker.

What are the 3 kinds of pipe wrenches?

Stillson pipe wrench, strap pipe wrench, chain pipe wrench

Stillson pipe wrench should not be used on — — .

Machined surfaces

These pipe wrenches are the best to be used on machined surfaces and critical piping.

Strap pipe wrenches

What is the advantage of the chain pipe wrench?

Holding very large pipes

What is the most commonly used hand tool?

Screwdriver

What are the 3 types of screws/screwdrivers?

Standard, reed and prince, Phillips

What are the two parts to a hacksaw?

The frame and the blade

What are the two kinds of hacksaw frames?

Adjustable and solid

Hacksaw blades should be installed with the teeth pointing — the handle?

Away from

What tools are used for chopping or cutting metal that is softer than themselves?

Chisels

What are the 5 most common shapes of chisels?

Cold, cape, half round, round nose, and diamond point

Files can either have a — or — cut.

Single or double

What are the 3 grades of file teeth from coarsest to smoothest?

Bastard cut, second cut, smooth cut

What are the 7 different shapes of files?

Triangular, mill, flat, square, round, half round, and Swiss pattern/jewelers

What is the most commonly used file by the inside machinist and has a safe side?

Mill file

How should files be cleaned? How should they not be cleaned?

The best method is to use a file scorer and file cleaner brush. Files should never be struck against an object to remove filings.

What are the 5 kinds of pliers?

Slip joint combination, wrench, diagonal cutting, side cutting, wire twister

What tools are used to hold, bend, and cut small articles?

Pliers

Slip joint combination pliers..

Are used for holding or bending flat or round stock, and cutting soft wire and nails.

Wrench pliers...

Have an advantage over other pliers in that they can be clamped on an object leaving your hands free for other work.

Diagonal cutting pliers...

Are used to cut small, light materials such as wire, cutter pins, and similar materials. These are for cutting purposes pliers.

Side cutting pliers...

Are used to hold, bend, and cut thin material of small gauge wire.

Wire twister pliers...

Are 3-way pliers to hold, twist, and cut

What tool is used to hold work?

Vise

What are the 3 types of vises?

Machinists bench, clamp base, and pipe

The machinists bench vise...

Is usually bolted to a workbench or table and is used to hold large, heavy objects.

Clamp base vise...

Is a lightweight, portable machinists vise used to hold light materials

Pipe vise...

Is specifically designed to hold round stock or pipe for cutting or threading

What is used to hold work which cannot be held in a vise or which has to be held for extended periods of time?

C-clamps

— are held in the hand and struck on one end with a hammer.

Punches

What are the 2 basic types of punches?

Solid and hollow

What are the 5 kinds of solid punches?

Prick, center, drift, drive pin, and alignment

The — — is used to mark the exact location of 2 intersecting lines on soft metal.

Prick punch

The — — is used to start drill holes.

Center punch

The — — is used to remove shafts, pins, or rivets (after the heads have been chiseled off) or for freeing up pins which are frozen in holes

Drift punch

The — — — is used as a follow up tool and is designed to follow through the hole without jamming.

Drive pin punch

The — — is used to assemble units of a machine and its purpose is to line up holes in mating parts.

Alignment punch

The — — — — is used to cut holes in gasket materials.

Hollow shank gasket punch

What tool is used to enlarge holes, true holes,and remove burrs from the inside diameters of pipes and drilled holes?

Reamers

This reamer is made of one solid piece of high speed steel having a straight shank and straight spiral flutes.

Solid straight hole reamer

This reamer is used for general purposes and is considered the most practical reamer and the most rugged of the straight hole reamers.

Expansion reamer

This reamer is used only to finish tapered holes for the insertion of tapered pins or other tapered parts.

Solid taper pin reamer

— is a rotary tool that is used in the operation of countersinking.

Countersink

— are used for cutting internal threads in metal, plastics, or hard rubber.

Taps

What are the 3 most common types of hand taps?

Taper, plug, bottoming

Taper tap...

Is used to start tapping operations.

Plug tap...

Is designed for use after the taper tap.

Bottoming tap...

Is used for threading the bottom of a blind hole only after taper and plug taps have been used.

What tool is used to remove items?

Extractors

— — are used to remove broken screws without damaging the threads or surrounding material.

Screw extractors

— — are used for removing broken taps with no external area.

Tap extractors

What colors are caution tags?

Black on a yellow background

What color are danger tags?

Black on a red background

Who is in charge of attaching and removing caution and danger tags?

Ships force

Define verbatim compliance

To perform the work exactly as written and within tolerance.

What are the parts to a machinists ball peen hammer?

Face, head, wedge, ball peen, and handle

What are the parts to a rubber mallet?

Face, head, and handle

What are the parts to a double faced sledge hammer?

Face, head, wedge, face, and handle

What are the parts to a screwdriver?

Blade, shank, and handle

What are the parts to a file?

Point, edge, face, heel, and tang

What are the parts to a tap?

Square end, round shank, body, and chamfer

What are the parts to a reamer?

Shank, body, and blades