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What describes a land breeze?

Occurs at night, from land to sea.

What causes the Coriolis effect?

Earth’s rotation.

What is the main characteristic of geostrophic wind?

It results from balance between Coriolis force and pressure gradient force.

What is the result of friction near Earth’s surface on wind speed?

Reduces wind speed.

What effect does surface friction have on wind direction?

Causes wind to cross isobars toward low pressure.

Where is the Coriolis effect strongest?

At the poles.

Why does a valley breeze blow uphill during the day?

Warm air rises along the slopes.

What causes pressure differences on Earth’s surface?

Uneven heating of Earth’s surface.

What happens to wind speed as you move higher in the atmosphere (above the friction layer)?

Increases.

In what layer of the atmosphere do jet streams occur?

Troposphere.

What direction do cyclones rotate in the Northern Hemisphere?

Counterclockwise.

What causes surface winds to be slower than winds aloft?

Greater friction at the surface.

Which of the following winds is a type of local wind?

Sea breeze.

Why do pressure gradients cause wind?

Air moves from high to low pressure.

When is a sea breeze most likely to occur?

During the day.

What happens to the direction of geostrophic wind when isobars curve around a high pressure system?

It becomes gradient wind.

Why does a land breeze form at night?

Land cools faster than water.

What kind of wind would you expect with strong pressure gradients?

Strong winds.

Which of the following is true about air in a high pressure system?

It descends and warms.

What local wind can bring sudden warming to areas east of the Rockies?

Chinook wind.

What is the primary motion of air in an anticyclone?

Sinking and spiraling outward.

What causes geostrophic wind to occur?

Balance between pressure gradient and Coriolis forces.

Which term best describes downward movement of cold air from elevated terrain?

Katabatic wind.

What is the typical direction of sea breeze movement during the day?

From sea to land.

How does friction affect the direction of wind near Earth’s surface?

Causes it to cross isobars at an angle.

Which force is responsible for deflecting moving air to the right in the Northern Hemisphere?

Coriolis effect.

What is the effect of air divergence aloft on surface pressure?

Lowers surface pressure.

What condition would likely result in calm and clear weather?

High pressure system.

What causes the formation of jet streams?

Strong pressure gradients in the upper atmosphere.

What kind of wind system dominates large-scale upper atmosphere circulation?

Geostrophic winds.