Developmental Influences & Child Health Promotion

• Identify child development theories and developmental themes • Describe social development and the role of play in the growth and development of children • Demonstrate an understanding of selected factors that play a role in the growth and development of children • Provide anticipatory guidance to parents regarding common parental concerns • Identify areas of preventive care and optimum health promotion for children

Assign each stage its corresponding age

• Newborn

• Infancy

• Toddlerhood

• Preschool Age

• School Age

• Newborn = birth → 1 month

• Infancy = 1 month → 1 yr

• Toddlerhood = 1 yr → 3 yrs

• Preschool = 3 yrs → 6 yrs

• School age = 6 yrs → 11/12 yrs

Explain

• Erikson

• Kohlberg

• Piaget

• Erikson’s = psychosocial development (emotional care + coping skills)

• Kohlberg’s = moral reasoning (guide parents about discipline and behaviors)

• Piaget = cognitive development (how to approach child physically and cognitively)

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development guides RNs in

a. how to approach the child physically and cognitively to provide appropriate education

b. how to provide emotional care and coping skills

c. guiding parents about discipline and to anticipate behaviors as normal

a. how to approach the child physically and cognitively to provide appropriate education

Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory guides RNs in

a. how to approach the child physically and cognitively to provide appropriate education

b. how to provide emotional care and coping skills

c. guiding parents about discipline and to anticipate behaviors as normal

b. how to provide emotional care and coping skills

Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development guides RNs in

a. how to approach the child physically and cognitively to provide appropriate education

b. how to provide emotional care and coping skills

c. guiding parents about discipline and to anticipate behaviors as normal

c. guiding parents about discipline and to anticipate behaviors as normal

What are factors that influence development?

• nutrition

• heredity

• environment

• health status

• culture

• family

• parental attitudes

What is the number one predictor of resiliency in adulthood?

a secure, supportive relationship early in childhood

Types of play

• unoccupied play

• solitary play

• onlooker

• parallel play

• associative play

• cooperative play

Infancy

• Erikson’s Stage

• Piaget

• Kohlberg

• Nursing Implications

• Erikson’s = Trust v. Mistrust

• Piaget = Sensorimotor (senses)

• Kohlberg = _______

• Implications = anticipate needs, provide comfort

Toddler

• Erikson’s Stage

• Piaget

• Kohlberg

• Nursing Implications

• Erikson’s Stage = Autonomy v. Shame/Doubt

• Piaget = Preoperational (symbols, pictures)

• Kohlberg = Preconventional (focus: self)

• Implications: needs to feel safe, responded to, have routines

Preschooler

• Erikson’s Stage

• Piaget

• Kohlberg

• Nursing Implications

• Erikson’s = Initiative v. Guilt

• Piaget = ________

• Kohlberg = _________

• Implications = Reassurance it’s not their fault, provide routine

School Age

• Erikson’s Stage

• Piaget

• Kohlberg

• Nursing Implications

• Erikson’s = Industry v. Inferiority

• Piaget = Concrete

• Kohlberg = Conventional (focus; family)

• Implications = give them a job, encouragement, clear explanations

Adolescent

• Erikson’s Stage

• Piaget

• Kohlberg

• Nursing Implications

• Erikson’s = Identity v. Role Confusion

• Piaget = Formal Operational

• Kohlberg = Post conventional (focus: community)

• Implications = respect privacy, allow space for emotions, peers essential