World Literature Chapters 7 and 8

Simon

shoemaker that found a man stranded in the snow and gave him shelter, a job, and food; married to Matryona

Matryona

wife to Simon; helped Michael by making food

Michael

angel cast down from earth because he disobeyed God; taken in by Simon and his family and worked as a shoemaker; had to discover 3 truths about God in order to leave

Gerasim

a poor man looking for a job; Yegor helped him find a job but he couldn’t take it because he felt bad for the servant that he was taking it from

Yegor Danilych

coachman to Sharov; helped Gerasim get a job offer

Mr. Sharov

master of Yegor; reluctantly offered Gerasim a job

Mrs. Lowe

postmaster’s wife; treats lower classes badly; rude, demanding, and lazy woman that treats her tailor awfully; keeps changing her mind on the style of dress she wants

tailor

Chinese man that worked for Mrs. Lowe; worked hard to make her a dress and was very respectful; his nephew died and so he took in his nephew’s family; was not tired by Mrs. Lowe again

fixed form

traditional pattern which applies to the whole poem

continuous form

written line upon line with no grouping of lines or breaks

stanza form

poem written in stanzas

stanzas

groups of lines having the same metrical pattern repeated throughout

refrain

phrase or sentence which is repeated at intervals in a poem; usually at the end of a stanza

sonnet

14 lined poem with a definite pattern of two basic varieties Italian or English

Italian or Petrarchan sonnet

has an octave and a sestet which represents a division in thought; octave has a rhyme scheme of abba abba and raises a questions or presents a situation or idea; a sestet may have several rhyme scheme and responds to the octave by making a comment, giving an example, or answering a question

English or Shakespearean sonnet

contains three quatrains and a couplet and has a rhyme scheme of abab, cdcd, efef, gg; the quatrains present three examples or ideas and the couplet presents a conclusion

limerick

fixed form of five lines with an anapestic rhythm and a rhyme scheme of aabba; lines 1,2,5 have 9 syllables; lines 3,4 have 6 syllables

haiku

Japanese unrhymed poem and consists of three lines with 5, 7,5 syllables; attempts to present an image and suggest and insight while evoking an emotional response or mood

cinquain

five lined poem of 2,4,6,8,2 syllables

figure poem

poem constructed in such a way that the printed shape suggests the topic of the poem

free verse

usually has no rhyme or meter and tends to follow the normal rhythms and cadences of speech

sentimentality

the indulgence in emotion for its own sake without regard for honestly presenting the truth of human experience