Chapter 7

Fundamentalism

strict adherence to the basic principles of scripture, supports creationism

Anarchists

people who oppose all forms of government

Evolution

change overtime, changing species, changing populations, change in characteristics of individuals in a species

Creationism

belief that the universe and living organisms originate from specific acts of divine creation, as in the biblical account, rather than by natural processes such as evolution

Nativism

protecting interests of native-born against those of immigrantss

Mass production

large scale product manufacturing usually done by machinery

Flapper

young, dramatic, stylish, and unconventional women

Police Powers

fundamental ability of a government to enact laws to coerce its citizenry for the public good

Prohibition

act of prohibiting manufacturing, storage in barrels or bottles, transportation, sale, possession, and consumption of alcohol

Speakeasy

secret bars

Assembly line

divide operation into simple tasks so unskilled laborers could do work

Model T

improve assembly line, lower costs, increase volume

Bohemians

artistic and unconventional

Emergency Quota Act

(1912) established a temporary quota system, limiting immigration

1910 census (total population in US) 3%

Great Migration

AA escape the segregated society of the south, to find economic opportunities, and to build better lives

National Origins Act

(1924) laws that severely restricts immigration by establishing a system of national quotas that blatantly discriminated, allow fewer people in US (until 1960s)

1890 census (Total population in US) 2%

Mass Media

radio, movies, newspapers, and magazines aimed at a broad audience - did more than just entertain

Harlem Renaissance

racial pride, stimulate artistic development, sense of community, and politcal organization, flowering of the arts

Resurgence of the KKK

burning cross in south (Georgia 1920), racism/violence hatred towards blacks/immigrants/Jews/Catholics/Semetic, disapproved of urba culture over 5 million members (peak in 20s), spread to North

Sacco and Vanzetti Case

committing robbery and murder at the Slater and Morill Shoe Factory in South Braintree (italian immigrants) (shoe maker and fish peddler)

John T. Scopes

high school bio teacher who taught evolution (as experiment) pu ton trial

Ernest Hemingway

new literary style using a direct, simple, and concise fiction, wrote about war in A Farewell to Arms

F. Scott Fitzgerald

perhaps the most famous writer fo the era, created colorful, glamorous characters who chased dreams in The Great Gatsby, exposed the superficiality of modern society (Former Ambulance Driver)

Marcus Garvey

Jamaican black nationalist, “negro nationalism”, Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), seen as dangerous by FBI, deported back to Jamaica, inspired million of AA to have pride in their heritage

Louis Armstrong

shift to long inventive solos, trumpet, singer, raspy voice

Langton Hughes

prolific/versatile poet, leading figure of Harlem Renaissance, AA rythyms in poems, most poems about city life

Duke Ellington

composer, band leader, arranger, wrote with orchestration, and improvisation, blues, piano

Immigration post WWI (restrictions and impact on society)

immigration goes up (South/Eastern Europe especially), immigrants feared as radicals, immigration restrictions, people want to preserve tradition votes, Emergency Quota Act (1921), National Origins Act, Nativism

“New Morality” of 1920’s

glorifies youth, personal freedom, preserve traditional values (immigration), automobiles promote independence and escape thier parents watch, flapper

Birth of Mass Media and Popular Culture

brought a sense of shared experience, helped unify nations, and spread new ideas and attitudes of the times, sports heroes become celebrities

Baseball

Babe Ruth

Boxing

Jack Dempsey

Golf

Bobby Jones

Hollywood

rise with silent motion pictures

18 Amendment

prohibited “manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors”

NAACP

Lobby public officials and work through courts to fight segregation and discrimination

Eugenics

the scientifically erroneous and immoral theory of “racial improvement” and “planned breeding,”

Jazz

influenced by ragtime, dixieland music, combined rhythms and melodies, Louis Armstrong

Blues

emotional singing style involving African American spirituals and gospel, Duke Ellington

Cotton Club

legendary nightspot in the Harlem district of New York City that for years featured prominent Black entertainers who performed for white audiences

Harlem’s premier nightclub in the 1920s/1930s during Prohibition Era, different type of music/people