Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea (NVD)

nausea

an unpleasant feeling of sickness or discomfort int he stomach that may cause an urge to vomit

vomiting

forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth or nose (AKA emesis)

headaches

viral infections

heart attack

severe pain (from any source)

abdominal sources (appendicitis hepatitas, kidney, gallbladder)

pregnancy

internal causes of nausea and vomiting

motion sickness

alcohol poisoning

food poisoning

medicines

external causes of nausea and vomiting

irritants

sights

smells

sounds

temperature changes

noxious stimuli

-starts 4th week

-ends 20th week

-doesn't effect fetus unless it's severe

-caused by hormonal changes

nausea in pregnancy

PONV (post-op nausea and vomiting)

-age less than 50

-female

-history of PONV or motion sickness

-hydration status

-general anesthesia

-use of volatile anesthetics

-nitrous oxide

-opioid use

factors related to anesthesia for PONV

-type of surgical procedure

-duration of surgery

factors related to surgery for PONV

CINV (chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting

-common and distressing side effect of cancer treatment

-can cause significant emotional and physical distress, and disrupts daily activities

-dehydration

-injury to esophagus (tears, acid erosions)

-tooth decay (stomach acid corrosion of enamel)

complications of protracted or severe vomiting

-maintain hydration

-balanced diet (BRAT diet)

-smaller meals throughout the day

-ginger products

-avoid greasy, spicy, or trigger foods

-stay upright after eating

-avoid alcohol

nausea treatment

food poisoning

traveler's diarrhea

stomach flu

common causes of sudden diarrhea

celiac disease

food intolerance/allergy

milk/soy protein intolerance

IBS

medication

common causes of chronic diarrhea

loose or watery stools more than 3 times a day

-abdominal cramps or pain

-bloating

-nausea

-vomiting

-fever

-blood in the stool

-mucus in the stool

-urgent need to pass stool

-loss of appetite

-flatulence

symptoms of diarrhea

acute diarrhea

-lasts 2 weeks or less

-mild to moderate (can be severe)

-short-lived and clears without intervention

chronic diarrhea

-lasts 4 weeks or longer

-often due to an underlying condition, possibly severe

-requires medical treatment

increased thirst

decreased urine output

tiredness

dizziness or unsteadiness

dry mouth

complications of diarrhea from dehydration

potassium ****

chloride

sodium

complications of diarrhea from electrolyte depletion

B bannana

R white rice

A apple

T white bread/toast

cheese

white pasta

potato

pumpkin

yogurt

pretzels

marshmallows

tapioca

peanut butter

foods to treat diarrhea

water

oral rehydration solutions

uncaffeinated teas

low-sugar sports drinks

diluted fruit juices

broths

fluids to treat diarrhea

OTC

prescription

antibiotics/antiparasitics

probiotics

medications to treat diarrhea

antimotillity agents

what OTC should not be taken if the diarrhea is from antibiotics?