AP Chem Memorization - Charges, PA Ions, Solubility Rules, & Oxidation States

Group 1 charge

Group 1 charge

+1 charge

Group 2 charge

+2 charge

Group 15(not Bi) charge

-3 charge

Group 16 charge

-2 charge

Group 17 charge

-1 charge

Ag charge

+1

Zn charge

+2

Cd charge

+2

Al charge

+3

Ammonium

NH4 charge +1

Acetate

CH3COO charge -1 (C2H3O2)

Carbonate

CO3 charge -2

Chlorate

ClO3 charge -1

Hydroxide

OH charge -1

Nitrate

NO3 charge -1

Phosphate

PO4 charge -3

Sulfate

SO4 charge -2

1. Alkali ions, NH4+, H+

Always soluble

2. acetate, nitrate, chlorate, and perchlorate

soluble

3. Chloride, Bromide, Iodide

soluble except Ag+1, Pb+2, Hg2+2

4. Sulfate

soluble except with Ca+2,Sr+2,Ba+2,Ag+,Pb+2,Hg2+2

5. Carbonate

insoluble, except rule 1 ions

6. Chromate

Insoluble, except rule 1 ions

7. Phosphate

Insoluble, except rule 1 ions

8. Sulfide, hydroxide

Insoluble, Except when with rule 1 ions, Ca+2,Sr+2,Ba+2

1 oxidation: Atoms in elemental form

0

2 oxidation: Alkali metals

+1

3 oxidation: Alkali Earth Metals

+2

4 oxidation:

Ag+1, Cd/Zn+2, Al+3

5 Oxidation: H

+1, unless with metals (-1)

6 Oxidation: O

-2, unless it's a peroxide (-1)

7 Oxidation: Halogens

-1, unless combined with a more electronegative element

8. Oxidation: sum of oxidation states in a neutral compound is 0

9 Oxidation: sum of oxidation states in polyatomic ion is charge of the ion