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cryptobranchidae
largest salamander
found in E. US, E. China, S. Japan
4 species
lidless eyes, baggy skin, shovel like

Hynobiidae
asia, pacific, pakistan, iran
complete metamorphis
82 species

Sirenidae
5 species
Michigan, south eastern us and northeast mexico
eel-like with no hind limbs
adults have external gills

Salamandridae
newts and salamanders
102 species
widespread through most of the world
pretty diverse
4 california newts
dicamptodontidae
large about palm size, chunky, largest terristal
4 species-2 in CA
range is pacific northwest, rocky mts
brown mottled with black
Ambystomatidae
US and Canada, North America
32 species-4 in CA, axoytl is in this family
moderate size, skin smooth, chunky, short, blunt head, costal grooves
mostly underground
Proteidae
6 species
east coast and adrian sea
external gills, caudal fin

Rhyacotritonidae
4 species
pacific northwest
small, males have square coloacca, large eyes
Amphiumidae
3 species
southeast us
eel-like with tiny front and hind legs, gill slits

Plethodontidae
long, slender, worm-like
479 species highly diverse but all have no lungs and nasallabial groves
E. & W. US, latin america, italy, korea
gymnophiona
worm w/ back bone
annuli
internal fertilization
no/ little tail
214 species
pantropical range, hotspot in S. America

What order are amphibians in?
Caudata
What order are caecilians in?
gymnophiona
where are there diversity hotspots of caudata?
CA, southeast US, central America
What are the major defining characteristics of caudata?
number of toes and limbs
rough vs smooth skin
nasolaibal grooves
costal grooves
gills or gill slits