EMC 100 Division 3 Exam

geriatric

of or relating to an older adult

multiple illnesses, take multiple medications, mobility problems, and incontinence issues

Geriatrics are more likely to have (mi, tmm, mp, ii)

respiratory system

Geriatrics: cough power is diminished, increased tendency for infection, less air and less exchange of gases due to general decline

circulatory system

Geriatrics: thickening of the walls of the heart, reduction in the effectiveness of the conduction system, loss of elasticity of the blood vessels, dysrhythmia, reduced cardiac output, aneurysms

nervous system

Geriatrics: slowing of psychomotor functioning, decreased reaction times, forgetfulness, and loss of sensation and coordination

musculoskeletal system

Geriatrics: osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, curvature of the spine, bone weakness

skin

Geriatrics: perspire less, tears more easily, heals slowly

unsafe conditions, nonworking heating and cooling systems, signs of abuse and neglect

What should you look for in particular for a scene size-up of geriatric patients? (uc, nhcs, san)

physical, sexual, emotional, financial

Types of abuse for geriatric patients

Alzheimer's disease

a progressive, degenerative disease that attacks the brain and results in impaired memory, thinking, and behavior

mechanical fall

a fall caused by a defined slip, trip, or loss of balance

elder neglect

the neglect by caregivers of the needs of an elderly person, usually one who is disabled or frail

self-neglect

a condition whereby an individual fails to attend to his or her own basic needs, such as hygiene, appropriate clothing, medical care, and so on

elder abuse

the physical, sexual, or emotional abuse of an older adult, usually one who has a disability or is frail

standard operating procedures

What does SOPs stand for?

Phase 1

Preparation: make sure each vehicle has the following: medical supplies, nonmusical supplies, vehicle inspection, and qualifies personnel

due regard

the appropriate care and concern for the safety of others

Phase 2

The Dispatch: know everything about your dispatch, communications system, and procedures to follow

Phase 3

En Route to the Scene: operate with due regard, emergency lights and sirens, communicate with dispatch and be informed of the call

Phase 4

At the Scene: notify dispatch, scene size-up, PPE, and reflective vests, and perform general impression

Phase 5

Transfer of Care: manage immediate life threats, assist with care, provide them with written documentation and accurate account of patient

Phase 6

Postcall Preparation: prepare for the next call by cleaning and disinfecting equipment, restocking supplies, and refueling emergency vehicle, complete paperwork, and file reports

hills/inclines, slippery surfaces, tilted vehicle, stacked vehicle

What are following situations for upright vehicles? (h/I, ss, tv, sv)

open the doors, enter through a window, pry open the doors, cut through the metal

How do you access a vehicle? (old, ettw, pots, cttm)

simple access

a form of access to entrapped patients that does not require specialized tools or equipment

complex access

a form of access to patients that requires tools and specialized equipment

extrication

the coordinated removal of entrapped patients from vehicles and structures

hazardous materials

materials that are harmful to humans when exposed

HAZWOPER

an abbreviation for Hazardous Waste Operation and Emergency Response

Hazardous Materials: Emergency Response Guidebook

An official government resource for the identification of hazardous materials. Now available as a smart phone app.

OSHA 5 Levels of Hazmat Training

First Responder Awareness, First Responder Operational, Hazardous Materials Technician, Hazardous Materials Specialist, Incident Commander

placard

a sign used to display information pertaining to the contents of transport containers

hot zone

the area of a hazardous incident that is immediately surrounding the spill of release

warm zone

a designated area at a hazardous materials incident where decontamination of people and equipment occurs

cold zone

a designated area associated with a hazardous materials incident that is well beyond the incident and where patients are cared for and placed into ambulances for transport

do not approach

If you smell gas?

True

T/F: You should stabilize vehicles before treating patient(s)

Your safety

What is your first priority?

support, movement, protection, cell production

The 4 major functions of the musculoskeletal system? (s, m, p, cp)

bones that form the upper and lower extremity

What is the appendicular skeleton?

direct, indirect, twisting force

What are the causes of extremity injuries? (d, i, tf)

fracture, disslocation, sprain, strain

What are the types of musculoskeletal injuries? (f, d, s, s)

pain, swelling, dislocation, deformities

What are the signs and symptoms of extremity injuries? (p, s, d, d)

Care for musculoskeletal injuries

BSI, primary assessment, immobilize, cold pack, oxygen, monitor vital signs

to prevent: pain, damage to soft tissues, bleeding, restricted blood flow, closed injuries becoming, open injuries

Why should we splint? (p, dust, b, ref, ciboi)

soft splints (support and decrease pain), rigid splints (immobilizes fractures and joints), commercial (wide variety available), inflatable (arm or leg injuries), improvised (not enough supplies)

What are the types of splints and what are they used for? [ss(sadp), rs(ifaj), c(wva), inf(aoli), imp(nes)]

upper extremity: don't move it

Shoulder injury care?

upper extremity: straighten

Upper arm care?

upper extremities: 90 degree angle and immobilize

Elbow care?

upper extremity: rigid splint

Wrist and forearm care?

upper extremity: rigid or soft splint

Finger care?

lower extremity: apply pressure to hold together

Pelvic girdle care?

lower extremity: traction splint

Upper leg care?

lower extremity: rigid splint

Knee care?

lower extremity: rigid and soft splint

Lower leg care?

lower extremity: rigid and soft splint

Ankle and foot care?

cravat

A triangular bandage that is folded to a width of three to four inches; used to tie dressings and splints in place

position of function

refers to a hand or foot; the natural position of the body at rest

sling

A large, triangular bandage or other cloth device that is used to immobilize an elbow and support the forearm

splint

any device used to immobilize an injured extremity

anatomical position

the standard reference position for the body in the study of anatomy; the body is standing erect, facing the observer with arms down at the sides, palms forward

closed fracture

a broken bone that does not have an associated break in the outer layers of the skin

manual stabilization

the process of restricting the movement of an injured individual or limb with one's hands

swathe

a large cravat used to secure a sling or splint to the body

open fracture

A broken bone with an associated break in the outer layers of the skin

angulated

refers to an injured limb that is deformed and out of normal alignment

strain

overstretching or tearing of the muscle

sprain

the partial or complete tearing or stretching of ligaments and other soft tissue structures at a joint

dislocation

the pulling or pushing of a bone end partially or completely free of a joint

fracture

a bone that is broken, chipped, cracker, or splintered

blunt-force trauma

An injury that is caused by the impact with a blunt surface such as the ground or a large object

concussion and hemorrhage

What are injuries to the head?

present hours to days after injury

When do signs/symptoms of head injuries occurs? (phtdai)

injuries to the face

blood in airway, swelling, discoloration, can't move jaw, loose teeth

signs/symptoms of a head (brain) injury

mid headache to bleeding of scalp, altered mental status, deformity, unresponsiveness, convulsions, vomiting

patent airway

What do you prioritize in a facial injury?

signs/symptoms of a spinal injury

pain/deformity at injury site, numbness, tingling, weakness, loss of sensation, paralysis, incontinence

more flexibility for choosing how to immobilize a patient

What does SMR allow for?

cranium

the skull

central nervous system

composed of the brain and spinal cord and responsible for the voluntary and involuntary control of all bodily functions

peripheral nervous system

the system that. connects the central nervous system to the limbs and organs by way of nerves; composed of all the nerve and nerve endings that extend from the spinal cord throughout the body

paralysis

the loss of mobility. often accompanied with a change in sensation

distracting injury

any injury to the body that may be preventing the patient from realizing pain in the neck or spine

spinal motion restriction (SMR)

the practice of using alternative methods for spinal mechanism of injury and patient presentation

multiple-casualty incident (MCI)

any incident that results in enough patients to overwhelm immediately available resources

Incident Command System (ICS)

A model tool for the command, control, and coordination of resources at the scene of a large-scale emergency involving multiple agencies

Incident Commander

the individual responsible for all aspects of an emergency response

national incident management system (NIMS)

a system that uses a unified approach to incident management and standard command and management structures, with an emphasis on preparedness, mutual aid, and resource management

triage group

composed of the first responders on scene

treatment group

are where patients are cared for by other EMS providers

transport group

coordinates transport of patients to appropriate facilities for definitive treatment

triage

method of sorting according to the patients' needs for care

START triage system

a system that uses respirations, perfusion, and mental status assessments to categorize patients into one of four treatment categories; the letters stand for Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment

black

deceased

red

immediate-respirations above 30 per minute (no further assessment needed)

yellow

delayed-respirations below 30 per minute (move on to assess perfusion)

green

minor

jumpSTART pediatric triage

a specialized pediatric triage system designed for patients from one to eight years old

delayed pediatric

AVP

immediate pediatric

PU, no pulse, <15/min >45/min, breathing, spontaneous respirations