Nipah and Hanta Virus Infections

These flashcards cover essential concepts related to Nipah and Hanta virus infections, including their epidemiology, transmission, symptoms, diagnostic tests, nursing and medical management, and prevention.

What is the principal reservoir of the Nipah virus?

The principal reservoir of the Nipah virus is the fruit bat, particularly the Pteropus species.

How is Nipah virus primarily transmitted to humans?

Nipah virus is primarily transmitted to humans through direct contact with infected bats, pigs, or their contaminated tissues.

What were the key epidemiological findings during the 1998-1999 Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia?

The key epidemiological findings were that the outbreak was linked to pig farmers and resulted in over 100 deaths.

What are the common symptoms of Nipah virus infection?

Common symptoms include fever, headache, drowsiness, and respiratory symptoms such as cough and sore throat.

What diagnostic test detects the presence of Nipah viral RNA?

Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detects the presence of Nipah viral RNA in bodily fluids.

What are some key nursing management strategies for Nipah virus infection?

Key nursing management includes supportive care, hydration, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

How can Hanta virus infection be transmitted to humans?

Hanta virus is transmitted to humans primarily through contact with infected rodents or their droppings, urine, or by inhaling aerosolized particles.

What is one severe complication associated with Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)?

One severe complication associated with HPS is acute respiratory failure.

What are the primary signs and symptoms of Hantavirus infection?

Initial signs include sudden fever, headache, muscle aches, and may progress to respiratory distress.

What preventative measures can be taken to reduce the risk of Hantavirus infection?

Preventative measures include rodent control, safe cleaning practices, and wearing protective gear.

What is the most effective treatment approach for severe Hantavirus infection?

Supportive care including oxygen therapy and fluid management is critical for severe Hantavirus infection.

What is one complication that may arise from severe Hantavirus infection?

Acute kidney failure may occur in severe cases of Hantavirus infection.

What are the primary transmission routes for equine encephalitis viruses?

Equine encephalitis viruses are primarily transmitted through mosquito bites.

Name one of the three main viruses that cause equine encephalitis.

Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEEV) is one of the three main viruses that cause equine encephalitis.

What are the common clinical signs of equine encephalitis?

Common clinical signs of equine encephalitis include headache, fever, confusion, and ataxia.

What is the primary method of diagnosis for equine encephalitis?

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is commonly used to detect specific antibodies against the virus.

What is the role of vaccination in the prevention of equine encephalitis?

Vaccination of horses is critical in preventing outbreaks of equine encephalitis.