CHECKRIDE PREP

What are the four forces of flight?

Lift, weight, thrust, drag

AIRMET Tango

Turbulence

When is civil twilight?

Before the sun is 6 degrees below the horizon

AIRMET Sierra

IFR & Mountain Obscuration

AIRMET Zulu

Icing

Make all clearing turns to the

Left

Contents of a WX Brief

Overview

Adverse Conditions

VFR Not Recommended

Synopsis

Departure Conditions

En Route Forecast

Destination Forecast

Winds Aloft

Convective Outlook

Known ATC Delays

NOTAMs

What is an AIRMET?

Notice for conditions that are potentially hazardous to smaller aircraft

How long is a SIGMET valid?

4 hours, convective 2 hours

HATED Acronym

Hundred hour, Annual, Transponder, ELT, Directives

Name the hazardous attitudes.

Antiauthority, impulsivity, invulnerability, resignation, macho

The angle of attack is the angle between the:

chord line and relative wind

How long is an aircraft registration valid?

7 years

How long is an airworthiness certificate valid?

Forever, as long as the aircraft is airworthy

IWAM Acronym

Item, Weight, Arm, Moment

What is the difference between Newton’s 3rd Law and Bernoulli’s Principle?

Newton’s 3rd states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, referring to thrust generated by the propeller. Bernoulli’s explains pressure differences above and below the wing

As temperature goes down, the amount of water vapor the air can hold goes

down

What is the dew point?

The temperature air must cool to for clouds/fog to form

What is the temperature/dew point spread?

Difference between temperature and dewpoint; how much moisture is in the air compared to how much it can hold.

How does humidity impact performance?

Decreases; water vapor is less dense than air

If the pitot tube is blocked, which instruments fail?

Altimeter, airspeed indicator, VSI

What is the standard datum plane?

The level at which pressure is 29.92 inHg

What is the standard lapse rate for atmospheric pressure in inHg?

1 inHg/1000ft

What is the standard temperature lapse rate?

2°C/1000ft

Piper Cherokee Vx

74 mph

Piper Cherokee Vy

85 mph

Piper Cherokee Best Glide

83 mph

Piper Cherokee Vs (stall speed, normal configuration)

64 mph

Piper Cherokee Vso (stall speed, landing configuration)

55 mph

Piper Cherokee Vfo (maximum flaps extended speed)

115 mph

Piper Cherokee Va (maneuvering speed @ max gross)

129 mph

Piper Cherokee Vno (max. structural cruising speed)

140 mph

Piper Cherokee Vne

171 mph

Currency mean a flight is

legal

Proficiency means a flight is

a good idea

How long is a TAF valid?

24-30 hours

How often are TAFs published?

Every 6 hours

PAVE Acronym

Pilot

Aircraft

enVironment

External Pressures

IMSAFE Acronym

Illness

Medication

Stress

Alcohol

Fatigue

Eating/Emotions

Lateral Stability is about the

Longitudinal axis

Vertical stability is about the

vertical axis

Rolling is about the

longitudinal axis

Pitching is about the

lateral axis

Yawing is about the

vertical axis

What are the 2 types of drag?

Induced and parasite

What is parasitic drag?

Drag that is not associated with the production of lift

As airspeed increases, parasitic drag ______

Increases

What are the different types of parasitic drag?

Form drag, interference drag, skin friction drag

What is interference drag?

Drag created where wing meets the airframe

What is induced drag?

Drag produced as a result of lift

What is drag?

Force that resists the movement of an aircraft through the air

What is the angle of attack?

acute angle between the airfoil’s chord line and relative wind

What is stall speed?

Speed in straight and level flight at which you will reach the critical angle of attack

What are 5 factors that affect lift?

Temperature

Air density

Shape of the wing

Velocity of air flow

Angle of attack

Surface area/size of the wing

What is always true about the 4 forces acting on an airplane?

Opposing forces are equal

The aileron produces ________ which controls ______ stability about the __________ axis.

roll, lateral, longitudinal

The elevator produces ________ which controls ______ stability about the __________ axis.

pitch, longitudinal, lateral

The rudder produces ________ which controls ______ stability about the __________ axis.

yaw, directional, vertical

What are the four strokes of an engine?

Intake, compression, ignition, exhaust

What is the range for carb ice?

Temperatures below 70^o F, greater than 80% relative humidity

What powers the starter?

battery

Difference between a wet & dry sump?

Wet sump is when oil is sumped from the engine, dry sump involves a separate reservoir for oil

If you forget to enrich the mixture on takeoff/go around, what can happen?

Increase in oil temperature, detonation

Why does N16446 have a supplemental type certificate?

So it can take 100LL

What is the center of gravity?

A point at which all of the aircraft’s weight is concentrated

How many magnetos in this airplane?

2

How many cylinders in your engine?

4

How many sparkplugs in your engine?

8

What is preignition?

fuel air mixture ignites prematurely

What is detonation?

Uncontrolled explosive reaction of the fuel/air mixture

When do you use carb heat?

At first indication of carb ice

Do not reset circuit breakers _______

more than once

Stall speed increases with ______

weight

What are 4 left turning tendencies?

1. torque

2. p-factor

3. spiral slipstream

4. gyroscopic effect

What is torque?

Opposite reaction to the propeller

What is p-factor?

turning tendency caused by the descending prop blade having a higher AoA, taking a bigger “bite of the air” than the ascending prop

What is spiral slipstream?

As air moves over the airframe in a spiral shape, it hits the tail and pushes the plane to the left

What is the gyroscopic effect?

The 90 degree force against plane of rotation

What is load factor?

Ratio of lift to weight

As load factor increases, stall speed _______

increases

When is load factor more than 1?

during acceleration and turns

What is maneuvering speed?

speed at which maneuvers may overstress the airframe

Under what conditions will maneuvering speed be less than posted?

At any weight less than max gross weight

What effect does the CG have on performance?

Forward CG, worse performance

Aft CG, better performance

What effect does the CG have on stability?

Forward CG, more stable

Aft CG, less stable

Why is the propeller twisted?

For better aerodynamics, and because it is moving faster at the tip than at the base

Weight ________ stall speed

Increases

What effect does icing have on stall speed?

increases

Why does ice increase stall speed?

Additional weight

Do you use flaps in icing?

No because it changes the shape of the wing, requires more back pressure, stall risk

What is centrifugal force?

opposite reaction to the force of a turn

What factors affect air density?

Temperature, pressure, humidity

What is happening with the four forces in a steady climb?

All opposing forces are equal, except when adding power

At what point are Vx and Vy the same?

The absolute ceiling, maximum altitude aircraft can maintain level flight

What is the mean camber line?

average curvature of the wing

As pressure altitude decreases, performance ________

increases

What is the radius of class B airspace?

30nm from the Class B airport

Class D airspace dimensions

5nm radius, 2,500ft AGL

What are 3 ways performance is impacted by pressure?

Less air over the wings, prop, engine

What’s the purpose of a side slip?

Crosswind correction