HS

mastecomy

removal of one or both breasts, and possibly other tissue around the breast to eradicate cancer from that area

speculum

an instrument used during a pap smear test to open the vagina

bimanual

physican feels for abnormalities in size, shape and mobility of uterus with his hand

2 kinds of gynecologic exams

\-Pap smears

**-Bimanual**

Cervical Cancer

\-the reason to get a pap smear every year when sexually active

\-begins in the cervix

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

a sexually transmitted infection that is primarily the cause of cervical cancer

Cyrptorchidism

an undescended testicle

Causes of Testicular cancer

\-abnormal testicle development

\-family history of testicular cancer

\-age (younger men more likely)

\-Ethnicity (white)

symptoms of testicular cancer

\-a lump or enlargement in either testicle

\-a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum

\-a dull ache in the abdomen or groin

\

-a feeling of heaviness in the scotum

-a dull ache in the abdomen or groin

-A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum

-Pain or discomfort in the testicle or scrotum

-Unexplained fatigue or a general feeling of being ill

Prostate cancer risks

-Age (over 50)

-A family history of prostate cancer

-Race and Ethnicity-african american

-A high fat diet

-High Testosterone levels

scabies

-parasitic STI

-a skin infestiation caused by a microscopic mite that burrows under the skin and causes an itchy rash

-spread through prolongerd skin-skin contact

pubic lice (crabs)

very small parasitic insects that attach themselves to hair shafts and cause itching

-usually spread through sexual contact

digital rectal examination (DRE)

-how prostate cancer is first detected during routine screening

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

-bacterial STI

-general term for infection of the female reporductive organs

-common and serious complaiction of some STIs

AIDS

accquirred immundeifiecny syndrome

-a late stage infection with HIV

-MALE TO MALE CONTACT

-viral STIs-\> not treatable

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

-a virus that leads to the destruction of the immune system through a variety of illnesses known as AIDS

-not treatable with antibiotics

What can help prevent HIV/AIDS

-condoms

-PrEP if infection already occured

Most common transmission of HIV

-mostly unprotected sex

oppurtunistic infections

a group of infections that establish themsevles in the human body as a result of a weakened immune system due to HIV infection

Gonnorhea symptoms for men

-burning sensation when urinating

-white, yellow or green discharge from penis

-prescense of painful or swollen testicles

Gonnorhea symptoms for women

-usually none

-\>WHY?: inside

Chlamydia

-most frequently reported bacterial STI in the US

-"silent infection"

-STI caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis

chancre

a sore that typically appears at the site of infection with syphilis

Syphillis

an STI caused by the bacterium Troponema pallidum

Herpes

a recurrent skin condition characterized by sores on the mouth or genitals

What is the cause of Herpes

stress

What is the cure for Herpes

NONE

-\> there are antiviral medications that can shorten and prevent outbreaks

Herpes can make you more susceptible to\_________.

HIV

Hepititis

a chronic viral infection of the liver

Hepatitis A (HAV)

fecal oral contact

-vaccine preventable

Hepatitis B (HBV)

high risk sexual behavior

-causes chronic infection, cirrhosis and cancer of the liver

general STI risk factors

-unprotected sex

-multiple partners

-engage in sex from an early age

-Alcohol and drug age

-already having an STI

-being female

-using the pilll as the sole form of contraception

What is a better option for contraception to prevent an STI

a condom AND birth control

pessary

usually a sea sponge soaked in soapy water, oil or vinegar tucked into the cervix to block the passage of sperm

coitus interruptus

withdrawl before ejaculation

Sterilization

usually permanent form of contracpetion

Female Sterilization

-tubal ligation

male sterilization

-vasectomy

Tubal Ligation

a womans fallopian tubes are tied,cut or blocked to prevent egg and sperm uniting

Vasectomy

sperm are prevented from mixing with semen in ejaculation by cutting or tying the mans vas deferens

continuous abstinence

completley refraining from sexual intercourse

fluid-free sexual behavior

avoiding all unprotected vaginal, anal or oral intercourse

Selective Abstinence

avoiding sexual behaviors that could lead to pregnancy or the transmission of STIs

male condom

most popular barrier method

Female Condom

in the diaphragm to be cervical sheild

\___________ are the only contraception to prevent STDs

Condoms

minipill

progestin only pill

spermicide

creams, foams, gels, suppositories and films that contain a chemical that is lethal to sperm that are placed high in the vagina

hormonal implants

a small tube of progestin that is inserted under the skin of a woman's upper arm. these can provide continuous protection against pregnancy

emergency contraception

Concentrated hormonal pills that can interrupt a woman's normal hormonal patterns to protect against an unplanned pregnancy in the event of unprotected intercourse

-EX: "morning after pill"-\> Plan B

Intrauterine methods (IUD)

a small T-shaped plastic device containing hormones or copper that is places in the uterus to prevent pregnancy

2 types of IUDs

copper and hormonal

fertility awareness methods

-also called natural methods

-based on ovulation prediction and viability of sperm-\> ONE DAY

-timed to avoid fertile days in a woman's reproductive cycle

Two day method

of fertility awareness uses cervical secreions to indicate when a woman is likely to ber fertile

basal body temperature

a woman must take her basal body temperature (BBT) each morning before getting out of bed using BBT thermomeyers that measures to tenths of a degree and record it on a temperature graph

going below regular body temperature\=?

Ovulation

pronatalism

belief that all typical adults should want to have children

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

-Condition of infant born to a mother who ingested high levels of alcohol during her pregnancy; the infant displays certain physical characteristics, Growth deficits, CNS abnormality

endometriosis

-tubes are blocked-\> a condition in which tissue similiar to the uterine lining gorws outside the uterus making conception difficult

zygote

a fertilized ovum

-conception to 4 weeks

embyro

a blastocyst that has implanted in the uterine wall

-8 weeks